fix: authorize the destination collection a copy or move replaces

A COPY or MOVE onto an existing destination replaces it, which destroys
everything the destination collection held. Only the source subtree was
authorized per descendant, and the destination itself was authorized as an
update, so a rule restricting a subtree held against DELETE but not against
an overwrite of the collection above it. Removing a collection is now
authorized the way DELETE on it would be, on the collection and on every
path beneath it. Writing over a file stays an update.

.claude/CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+Guidance for Claude when working in this repository (`hacdias/webdav`).
+
+## Handling security advisories
+
+Advisory state lives on GitHub and is driven with the `gh` CLI: `triage → draft → published`, plus `closed`. Reports are routed as per [SECURITY.md](../SECURITY.md); only `5.x` is supported.
+
+### 1. Fetch
+
+```bash
+# List by state (also: published, draft, closed)
+gh api '/repos/hacdias/webdav/security-advisories?state=triage&per_page=100' \
+  --jq '.[] | {ghsa_id, severity, summary, state}'
+
+# Full report for one advisory
+gh api /repos/hacdias/webdav/security-advisories/GHSA-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx \
+  --jq '.summary, "---", .description'
+```
+
+Always pull the published and remaining triage sets too, to dedup against.
+
+### 2. Verify — do NOT trust the report text
+
+Read the source at HEAD and reproduce the claim; a failing `makeTestServer` case is better evidence than reading the matcher. Reach one verdict per advisory:
+
+- **CONFIRMED** — defect exists at HEAD. Quote the exact `file:line`.
+- **FIXED** — already patched; find the fix commit and the release carrying it.
+- **FALSE / NOT APPLICABLE** — claim is wrong, or targets a different project.
+- **NOT EXPLOITABLE** — pattern exists but no code path reaches the precondition.
+- **DUPLICATE** — of a published advisory, or of another triage advisory.
+
+Common traps:
+
+- **"Incomplete fix of a prior advisory."** Read the original fix commit and confirm the specific sibling path is still unguarded. `GHSA-chxv-mvjv-f92j` already cleans paths in `newRequest` and matches trailing-slash rules against the bare collection.
+- **Wrong project.** Confirm the cited files, symbols, and options exist here — reports sometimes describe a fork or another WebDAV server.
+- **Containment vs authorization.** `golang.org/x/net/webdav` applies `slashClean` and keeps requests inside the served root, so "traversal out of `directory`" is usually not the defect. The real class is the authorization layer disagreeing with the filesystem layer about which file a request names.
+- **No `users:` means no authentication, by design** — it warns at startup. Not a vulnerability, but it changes the privilege precondition.
+- **Overlapping reports.** Several triage advisories may share one root cause: consolidate into one, close the rest as duplicates.
+
+Record per advisory: verdict, `file:line` evidence, preconditions (default config? needs `directories:`? platform-specific? auth required?), disposition.
+
+### 3. Severity
+
+Set a CVSS v3.1 vector — GitHub derives the score and severity from it, overriding the plain `severity` field. Encode the real preconditions so the band is defensible: a required configuration or platform (case-insensitive filesystem, `directories:`) is **AC:H**; needing an account is **PR:L**. Rate the base case as a config with a `users:` block, and note the unauthenticated vector in the body when it is materially worse. Don't let an incomplete-fix follow-up outrank its parent.
+
+```bash
+gh api -X PATCH /repos/hacdias/webdav/security-advisories/GHSA-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx \
+  -f cvss_vector_string='CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N' \
+  --jq '{ghsa_id, severity, score: .cvss.score, vector: .cvss.vector_string}'
+```
+
+### 4. Rewrite the title and body
+
+The title is `summary`: concise and sentence-case, stating the vulnerability class then the mechanism, e.g. `Authorization bypass: path rules can be evaded with dot segments or a bare collection name`.
+
+Rewrite `description` into the sections below, reusing the reporter's own wording where it is accurate. Drop the greeting and anything step 2 disproved. Use `###` headings, keep this order, omit what doesn't apply. Keep the maintainer's voice — first person belongs only in quoted PoC steps.
+
+| Section            | Contents                                                                                                       |
+| ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `Summary`          | The defect and its root cause, naming the file and function, quoting the pre-fix code.                         |
+| `Impact`           | Who can exploit it and what they get. State what is *not* affected.                                            |
+| `Proof of concept` | Config and steps trimmed to the essentials, with observed results.                                             |
+| `Patches`          | `Fixed in **vX.Y.Z**. Upgrade to that version or later.` plus what the fix does and why it sits where it does. |
+| `Workarounds`      | What the operator can do themselves. `None.` if nothing helped, saying why.                                    |
+| `Out of scope`     | What the report claimed that is deliberately not treated as a vulnerability, and why.                          |
+| `References`       | Related issues, commits, published advisories.                                                                 |
+
+Send it as a file so the Markdown survives shell quoting:
+
+```bash
+jq -Rs '{description: .}' desc.md \
+  | gh api -X PATCH .../security-advisories/GHSA-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx --input -
+```
+
+### 5. Affected versions
+
+The package is always `{ecosystem: "go", name: "github.com/hacdias/webdav/v5"}`. `vulnerable_version_range` ends at the last release before the fix; add a lower bound when the defect was introduced in a known version, confirming with `git log -S` and `git tag --contains`. `patched_versions` is the release carrying the fix.
+
+```bash
+printf '%s' '{"vulnerabilities":[{"package":{"ecosystem":"go","name":"github.com/hacdias/webdav/v5"},"vulnerable_version_range":">= 5.10.0, <= 5.14.1","patched_versions":"5.14.2","vulnerable_functions":[]}]}' \
+  | gh api -X PATCH .../security-advisories/GHSA-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx --input -
+```
+
+### 6. Move state
+
+```bash
+gh api -X PATCH .../security-advisories/GHSA-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx -f state=draft    # ready to publish
+gh api -X PATCH .../security-advisories/GHSA-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx -f state=closed   # duplicate / N-A / not-exploitable
+```
+
+- **CONFIRMED** → fix, release, set `patched_versions` → draft, then publish once the release is out.
+- **DUPLICATE / NOT APPLICABLE / NOT EXPLOITABLE** → closed.
+
+The REST API cannot post advisory comments. Replies to reporters must be posted manually in the UI — draft the text for the maintainer.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.x"
+          go-version: "1.27.x"
       - run: go build .
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: '0'

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -18,22 +18,22 @@ jobs:
       id-token: write
     steps:
       - name: Check out the repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
 
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
         with:
           images: |
             hacdias/webdav
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build and push Docker image
         id: push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./Dockerfile

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ jobs:
   lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.x"
-      - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
+          go-version: "1.27.x"
+      - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
-          version: "v1.62"
+          version: "latest"

.github/workflows/releaser.yml

@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ jobs:
   goreleaser:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+        with:
+          go-version: "1.27.x"
+      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser
           version: '~> v2'

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -10,12 +10,21 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: test
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: test (${{ matrix.os }})
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          - windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.x"
-      - name: Run test with coverage
+          go-version: "1.27.x"
+      - name: Run test with race detector and coverage
+        if: runner.os != 'Windows'
         run: go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...
+      - name: Run test with coverage
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        run: go test "-coverprofile=coverage.txt" -covermode=atomic ./...

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 dist/
-webdav
+webdav

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -38,16 +38,20 @@ builds:
       - goos: openbsd
         goarch: arm
         goarm: 6
+      # Broken as of Go 1.24, deprecated as of Go 1.26
       - goos: freebsd
         goarch: arm
-        goarm: 6
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: arm
 
 archives:
   - name_template: "{{.Os}}-{{.Arch}}{{if .Arm}}v{{.Arm}}{{end}}-{{ .ProjectName }}"
-    format: tar.gz
+    formats:
+      - tar.gz
     format_overrides:
       - goos: windows
-        format: zip
+        formats:
+          - zip
 
 release:
   github:

Dockerfile

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-FROM golang:1.23-alpine3.20 AS build
+FROM golang:1.26-alpine3.22 AS build
 
 ARG VERSION="untracked"
 
-RUN apk --update add ca-certificates
-
 WORKDIR /webdav/
 
 COPY ./go.mod ./
@@ -15,7 +13,6 @@ RUN go build -o main -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X 'github.com/hacdias/webdav/v5/
 
 FROM scratch
 
-COPY --from=build /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
 COPY --from=build /webdav/main /bin/webdav
 
 EXPOSE 6065

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # webdav
 
-[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/hacdias/webdav?style=flat-square)](https://goreportcard.com/report/hacdias/webdav)
 [![Version](https://img.shields.io/github/release/hacdias/webdav.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/hacdias/webdav/releases/latest)
 [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/hacdias/webdav?style=flat-square)](https://hub.docker.com/r/hacdias/webdav)
 
@@ -14,6 +13,14 @@ For a manual install, please refer to the [releases](https://github.com/hacdias/
 go install github.com/hacdias/webdav/v5@latest
 ```
 
+### Homebrew
+
+If you have Homebrew available on your system, you can also install `webdav` using it: 
+
+```
+brew install webdav
+```
+
 ### Docker
 
 Docker images are provided on both [GitHub's registry](https://github.com/hacdias/webdav/pkgs/container/webdav) and [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/hacdias/webdav). You can pull the images using one of the following two commands. Note that this commands pull the latest released version. You can use specific tags to pin specific versions, or use `main` for the development branch.
@@ -30,34 +37,45 @@ docker pull hacdias/webdav:latest
 
 For usage information regarding the CLI, run `webdav --help`.
 
-### Docker
+### Container
 
-To use with Docker, you need to provide a configuration file and mount the data directories. For example, let's take the following configuration file that simply sets the port to `6060` and the directory to `/data`.
+To run the container, you can refer to the `compose.yml` file which provides a minimal setup. Additionally, you also need to create a configuration file, as [explained below](#configuration).
 
-```yaml
-port: 6060
-directory: /data
-```
-
-You can now run with the following Docker command, where you mount the configuration file inside the container, and the data directory too, as well as forwarding the port 6060. You will need to change this to match your own configuration.
+The equivalent Docker command to the aforementioned compose file would be as follows:
 
 ```bash
 docker run \
-  -p 6060:6060 \
-  -v $(pwd)/config.yml:/config.yml:ro \
-  -v $(pwd)/data:/data \
+  -p 6065:6065 \
+  -v ./config.yml:/config.yml:ro \
+  -v ./data:/data \
   ghcr.io/hacdias/webdav -c /config.yml
 ```
 
-If you are using [fail2ban](#fail2ban-setup), it would be helpful to add the parameters listed below. They will assist in analyzing the log.
+If you are using [fail2ban](#fail2ban-setup), it would be helpful to add the parameters listed below. They will assist in analyzing 
+the log.
+
 ```bash
 --log-driver journald \
 --name webdav \
 ```
 
+### Partial updates
+
+This server supports partial file updates compatible with SabreDAV's `PATCH` extension. This is not an official WebDAV specification. Requests must use the `application/x-sabredav-partialupdate` content type, include `Content-Length`, and provide the target range in `X-Update-Range`.
+
+Supported `X-Update-Range` values are:
+
+- `bytes=start-end`
+- `bytes=start-`
+- `bytes=-N`
+- `append`
+
+For clients that use it, the server also supports partial `PUT` requests with `Content-Range`, for example `Content-Range: bytes 6-8/*`. This is an extra compatibility path and should be treated as a client/server agreement.
+
 ## Configuration
 
-The configuration can be provided as a YAML, JSON or TOML file. Below is an example of a YAML configuration file with all the options available, as well as what they mean.
+The configuration can be provided as a YAML, JSON or TOML file. Below is an example of a YAML configuration file with 
+all the options available, as well as what they mean.
 
 ```yaml
 address: 0.0.0.0
@@ -84,17 +102,34 @@ behindProxy: false
 
 # The directory that will be able to be accessed by the users when connecting.
 # This directory will be used by users unless they have their own 'directory' defined.
-# Default is '.' (current directory).
-directory: .
+# By default it points to the working directory. In the case of the compose file above,
+# that is /data.
+directory: /data
+
+# Alternatively, replace 'directory' with 'directories' to expose multiple
+# directories as virtual root entries. This option is mutually exclusive with
+# 'directory' in the same scope. Rules should include the virtual mount name,
+# such as /media/public/access/.
+# directories:
+#   - media: /data/media
+#   - /data/archive
+#   - name: backups
+#     path: /data/backups
 
 # The default permissions for users. This is a case insensitive option. Possible
 # permissions: C (Create), R (Read), U (Update), D (Delete). You can combine multiple
 # permissions. For example, to allow to read and create, set "RC". Default is "R".
+# LOCK counts as a write: it needs U on a path that exists and C on one that does
+# not, since locking a path that does not exist creates it.
+# Being overwritten counts as well: a COPY or MOVE onto an existing file replaces
+# it and needs U, while one onto an existing collection removes everything it
+# holds and needs D, on the collection and on every path under it.
 permissions: R
 
 # The default permissions rules for users. Default is none. Rules are applied
 # from last to first, that is, the first rule that matches the request, starting
-# from the end, will be applied to the request.
+# from the end, will be applied to the request. Rule paths are always relative to
+# the user's directory.
 rules: []
 
 # The behavior of redefining the rules for users. It can be:
@@ -115,64 +150,110 @@ log:
   colors: true
   # Logging outputs. You can have more than one output. Default is only 'stderr'.
   outputs:
-  - stderr
+    - stderr
 
 # CORS configuration
 cors:
   # Whether or not CORS configuration should be applied. Default is 'false'.
   enabled: true
   credentials: true
-  allowed_headers:
-    - Depth
+  # Allow Private Network Access preflight requests. Default is 'false'.
+  allow_private_network: false
+  # The following are the default CORS settings when it is enabled.
   allowed_hosts:
-    - http://localhost:8080
-  allowed_methods:
-    - GET
-  exposed_headers:
-    - Content-Length
+    - '*'
+  allowed_headers:
+    - Authorization
+    - Content-Type
     - Content-Range
+    - Depth
+    - Destination
+    - If
+    - Lock-Token
+    - Overwrite
+    - TimeOut
+    - Translate
+    - X-Update-Range
+  allowed_methods:
+    - COPY
+    - DELETE
+    - GET
+    - HEAD
+    - LOCK
+    - UNLOCK
+    - MKCOL
+    - MOVE
+    - OPTIONS
+    - PATCH
+    - POST
+    - PROPFIND
+    - PROPPATCH
+    - PUT
+  exposed_headers: []
 
-# The list of users. If the list is empty, then there will be no authentication.
-# Otherwise, basic authentication will automatically be configured.
-#
-# If you're delegating the authentication to a different service, you can proxy
-# the username using basic authentication, and then disable webdav's password
-# check using the option:
-#
-# noPassword: true
+# You define here the list of users.
+# Basic authentication is automatically be configured when users are detected 
+# below, else there will be no authentication.
+# Customize to your needs and don't forget to comment out the users you don't need.
 users:
   # Example 'admin' user with plaintext password.
   - username: admin
     password: admin
+
   # Example 'john' user with bcrypt encrypted password, with custom directory.
-  # You can generate a bcrypt-encrypted password by using the 'webdav bcrypt'
-  # command lint utility.
+  # Tip: you can generate a bcrypt-encrypted password by using the 'webdav bcrypt'
+  # command lint utility, or htpasswd on Linux.
   - username: john
     password: "{bcrypt}$2y$10$zEP6oofmXFeHaeMfBNLnP.DO8m.H.Mwhd24/TOX2MWLxAExXi4qgi"
-    directory: /another/path
+    directory: /data/john
   # Example user whose details will be picked up from the environment.
   - username: "{env}ENV_USERNAME"
     password: "{env}ENV_PASSWORD"
+  # Example user with advanced control over his permissions
   - username: basic
     password: basic
-    # Override default permissions.
-    permissions: CRUD
+    permissions: CRUD # Override default permissions.
     rules:
-      # With this rule, the user CANNOT access /some/files.
+      # With this rule, the user CANNOT access {user directory}/some/files.
       - path: /some/file
         permissions: none
-      # With this rule, the user CAN create, read, update and delete within /public/access.
+      # With this rule, the user CAN create, read, update and delete within
+      # {user directory}/public/access.
       - path: /public/access/
         permissions: CRUD
-      # With this rule, the user CAN read and update all files ending with .js. It uses
-      # a regular expression.
+      # With this rule, the user CAN read and update all files ending with .js.
+      # It uses a regular expression.
       - regex: "^.+.js$"
         permissions: RU
+  # Example user for android SeedVault backuping
+  - username: android
+    password: "{bcrypt}$2y$10$zEP6oofmXFeHaeMfBNLnP.DO8m.H.Mwhd24/TOX2MWLxAExXi4qgi"
+    directory: /data/android
+    permissions: CRUD
+
+# If you're delegating the authentication to a different service, you can proxy
+# the username using basic authentication, and then disable webdav's password
+# check using the option:
+# noPassword: true
 ```
 
+### Rules
+
+Rules are matched against the request path after dot segments have been resolved, so `/public/../secret/file` is matched as `/secret/file`. The last rule that matches wins.
+
+A `path` rule is a prefix match. A rule written with a trailing slash also covers the collection it names, so `path: /secret/` applies to a request for `/secret` as well. Such a rule can only restrict that collection: acting on the collection itself also requires the permissions that apply outside the rule, since the operation takes place in the parent collection.
+
+A `regex` rule is matched literally against the path, and gets none of the above handling. In particular `regex: "^/secret/"` does **not** match a request for `/secret` itself. Write `regex: "^/secret(/|$)"` if you want to cover the collection too.
+
+Rules apply to every path an operation touches, not only the one it names. Collection listings leave out entries the rules deny, copying a collection leaves those entries behind, and a `MOVE` or `DELETE` that would act on a denied descendant is refused outright.
+
+Overwriting a destination is authorized for what it destroys. A `COPY` or `MOVE` onto an existing destination replaces it: RFC4918 has `MOVE` perform a `DELETE` with `Depth: infinity` on the destination first, and requires an overwritten collection to end up with exactly the membership the source had, so either way whatever was there is gone. Replacing a file needs `U` on it, the same permission `PUT` needs. Replacing a collection removes everything it holds, so it needs `D` on that collection and on every path beneath it: a rule withholding `D` anywhere under a destination refuses the overwrite outright, even where it grants `C` and `U`.
+
+Rules follow the case sensitivity of the file system, which each served directory is probed for at startup. Where names are case-insensitive, as on APFS and NTFS, `path: /secret/` also covers `/SECRET/`, a `regex` is matched against the folded path as well as the path as written, and Unicode normal forms count as one name. Elsewhere rules are matched exactly, since `/secret` and `/SECRET` are then different directories.
+
 ### CORS
 
-The `allowed_*` properties are optional, the default value for each of them will be `*`. `exposed_headers` is optional as well, but is not set if not defined. Setting `credentials` to `true` will allow you to:
+The `allowed_*` properties are optional, the default value for each of them will be `*`. `exposed_headers` is optional as well, but is not set if not defined. Setting `allow_private_network` to `true` to allow Private-Network-Access preflight requests. Setting `credentials` to `true` will allow you to:
 
 1. Use `withCredentials = true` in javascript.
 2. Use the `username:password@host` syntax.
@@ -181,7 +262,9 @@ The `allowed_*` properties are optional, the default value for each of them will
 
 ### Reverse Proxy Service
 
-When using a reverse proxy implementation, like Caddy, Nginx, or Apache, note that you need to forward the correct headers in order to avoid 502 errors. Here's a Nginx configuration example:
+When using a reverse proxy implementation, like Caddy, Nginx, or Apache, note that you need to forward the correct headers in order to avoid 502 errors.
+
+#### Nginx Configuration Example
 
 ```nginx
 location / {
@@ -191,9 +274,73 @@ location / {
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   proxy_set_header Host $host;
   proxy_redirect off;
+
+  # Ensure COPY and MOVE commands work by rewriting the Destination header to
+  # contain only the path, e.g. /test.txt. Note that the captured group already
+  # includes the leading slash: adding another one would produce a Destination
+  # such as //test.txt, which is parsed as a host name and rejected.
+  set $dest $http_destination;
+  if ($http_destination ~ "^https?://[^/]+(?<path>/.*)$") {
+    set $dest $path;
+  }
+  proxy_set_header Destination $dest;
 }
 ```
 
+#### Caddy Configuration Example
+
+```Caddyfile
+example.com {
+    tls internal # for local development
+    # tls [email protected] # so that Caddy gets certs for you via Letsencrypt
+
+    # Rewrites destination to remove host and include only the path e.g. /test.txt
+    @hasDest header_regexp dest ^https?://[^/]+(.*)$
+    header @hasDest Destination {re.dest.1}
+
+    # if running on the same network in docker you can just point to the service name e.g. webdav:6065
+    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:6065 {
+        header_up X-Real-IP {remote_host}
+        header_up REMOTE-HOST {remote_host}
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### Serving Under a Subpath
+
+If the server is not served from the root of the domain, do not strip the subpath in the reverse proxy. The server needs to see it: `PROPFIND` responses contain the full path of each resource, and clients reject the ones that fall outside of the URL they requested. Pass the subpath through and set [`prefix`](#configuration) accordingly, so that the server strips it itself and adds it back to the responses:
+
+```yaml
+prefix: /webdav
+```
+
+With Caddy, that means using `handle` instead of `handle_path`, as the latter strips the matched prefix before proxying:
+
+```Caddyfile
+example.com {
+    @hasDest header_regexp dest ^https?://[^/]+(.*)$
+    header @hasDest Destination {re.dest.1}
+
+    handle /webdav* {
+        reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:6065 {
+            header_up X-Real-IP {remote_host}
+            header_up REMOTE-HOST {remote_host}
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+With Nginx, use a `location` block for the subpath and keep `proxy_pass` without a trailing path, as a trailing path would replace the prefix:
+
+```nginx
+location /webdav {
+  proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:6065;
+  # ... the remaining headers, as above.
+}
+```
+
+Both the request path and the `Destination` header must carry the prefix. A request without it is answered with `400 Bad Request`.
+
 ## Examples
 
 ### Systemd

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 5.x     | :white_check_mark: |
+| < 5.x   | :x:                |
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+- **Critical:** report privately via the [Security](https://github.com/hacdias/webdav/security) page.
+- **Non-critical:** open a public issue so the community can help; it'll be labeled it as a security issue.
+
+Please include, where possible:
+
+- The commit the issue was found at
+- A plaintext proof of concept (no binaries)
+- Steps to reproduce
+- Recommended remediation, if any

cmd/root.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -80,6 +81,8 @@ set WD_CERT.`,
 			return err
 		}
 
+		server := &http.Server{Handler: handler}
+
 		// Trap exiting signals
 		quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 
@@ -88,9 +91,9 @@ set WD_CERT.`,
 
 			var err error
 			if cfg.TLS {
-				err = http.ServeTLS(listener, handler, cfg.Cert, cfg.Key)
+				err = server.ServeTLS(listener, cfg.Cert, cfg.Key)
 			} else {
-				err = http.Serve(listener, handler)
+				err = server.Serve(listener)
 			}
 
 			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ set WD_CERT.`,
 		signal := <-quit
 
 		zap.L().Info("caught signal, shutting down", zap.Stringer("signal", signal))
-		_ = listener.Close()
+		_ = server.Shutdown(context.Background())
 
 		return nil
 	},

compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: webdav
+
+services:
+  app:
+    container_name: webdav
+    image: 'webdav:test'
+    ports:
+     - '6065:6065'
+    security_opt:
+      - label=type:container_runtime_t
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      - ./data:/data
+      - ./config.yml:/config.yml:ro

go.mod

@@ -1,40 +1,33 @@
 module github.com/hacdias/webdav/v5
 
-go 1.23
+go 1.26.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0
-	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.2.1
+	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0
 	github.com/rs/cors v1.11.1
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
-	github.com/spf13/viper v1.19.0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
-	github.com/studio-b12/gowebdav v0.9.0
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.33.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10
+	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1
+	github.com/studio-b12/gowebdav v0.13.0
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260920014000-1f7c531b64a1
+	golang.org/x/net v0.59.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.42.0
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
-	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
+	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.1-0.20240121214520-5f936abd7ae8 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241217172543-b2144cdd0a67 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.21.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,81 +1,65 @@
-github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
-github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0 h1:LAEzFkke61DFROc7zNLX/WA2i5J8gYqe0rSj9KI28KA=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0/go.mod h1:xNUYtjHu2EDXbsxz1i41wouACIwT7Ybq9o0BQhMwD0w=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
-github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.8.0 h1:dAwr6QBTBZIkG8roQaJjGof0pp0EeF+tNV7YBP3F/8M=
-github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:8jBTzvmWwFyi3Pb8djgCCO5IBqzKJ/Jwo8TRcHyHii0=
-github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.2.1 h1:ZAaOCxANMuZx5RCeg0mBdEZk7DZasvvZIxtHqx8aGss=
-github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:oJDH3BJKyqBA2TXFhDsKDGDTlndYOZ6rGS0BRZIxGhM=
-github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 h1:2Ml+OJNzbYCTzsxtv8vKSFD9PbJjmhYF14k/jKC7S9k=
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:8jBTzvmWwFyi3Pb8djgCCO5IBqzKJ/Jwo8TRcHyHii0=
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+github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0/go.mod h1:oJDH3BJKyqBA2TXFhDsKDGDTlndYOZ6rGS0BRZIxGhM=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
-github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 h1:0Anlzjpi4vEasTeNFn2mLJgTSwt0+6sfsiTG8qcWGx4=
-github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0/go.mod h1:E5yfLk+7swimpb2L/Alb/PJmXilQ/rhwaUYs4T20WEQ=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
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 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9 h1:nWcCbLq1N2v/cpNsy5WvQ37Fb+YElfq20WJ/a8RkpQM=
-github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9/go.mod h1:Dhd985XPs7jluiymwWYZ0G4Z61jb3vdS329zhj2hYo0=
-github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 h1:jeMsZIYE/09sWLaz43PL7Gy6RuMjD2eJVyuac5Z2hdY=
-github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0/go.mod h1:bFUtVrKA4DC2yAKiSyO/QUcy7e+RRV2QTWOzhPopBRo=
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 h1:YmeHyLY8mFWbdkNWwpr+qIL2bEqT0o95WSdkNHvL12M=
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:MfCQTFTvCcUyyvvwm1+G6H/jORL20Xlb6rzQu9GuUkc=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
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 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
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-github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.6.0 h1:ON7AQg37yzcRPU69mt7gwhFEBwxI6P9T4Qu3N51bwOk=
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-github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim v0.1.0 h1:diDBnUNK9N/354PgrxMywXnAwEr1QZcOr6gto+ugjYE=
-github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim v0.1.0/go.mod h1:SrcSrq8aKtyuqEI1uvTDTK1arOWRIczQRv+GVI1AkeQ=
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-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241217172543-b2144cdd0a67/go.mod h1:qj5a5QZpwLU2NLQudwIN5koi3beDhSAlJwa67PuM98c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.33.0 h1:74SYHlV8BIgHIFC/LrYkOGIwL19eTYXQ5wc6TBuO36I=
-golang.org/x/net v0.33.0/go.mod h1:HXLR5J+9DxmrqMwG9qjGCxZ+zKXxBru04zlTvWlWuN4=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0 h1:Fksou7UEQUWlKvIdsqzJmUmCX3cZuD2+P3XyyzwMhlA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/text v0.21.0 h1:zyQAAkrwaneQ066sspRyJaG9VNi/YJ1NfzcGB3hZ/qo=
-golang.org/x/text v0.21.0/go.mod h1:4IBbMaMmOPCJ8SecivzSH54+73PCFmPWxNTLm+vZkEQ=
+go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0 h1:IZzaP1Fv73/T/pBMLk4VutPl36uNC+OSUh3JLG3FIjo=
+go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0/go.mod h1:rDLpOi171uODNm/mxFcuYWxDsqWSAVkFdX4XojSKg/Q=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4/go.mod h1:DhzuOOF2ATzADvBadXxruRBLzYTpT36CKvDb3+aBEFg=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 h1:N6y/pJk8buWs9NY5ERU2HSMfm+IuD/OtfdAnq6kESPw=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5/go.mod h1:HVTZu1O7/Vkt2N+BFy8Zza+lnLsABggaTM2ZpNIGuKg=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0 h1:3ZVCjf8Ggz7zneR/EHRVx68Ctf+2pmIMP2UFhh9cC6M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0/go.mod h1:Fdz0i5U6CoizGwLda9DttjSk6qlZo25zYNtR+ycvuZA=
+golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260920014000-1f7c531b64a1 h1:n8oH0y5uJlfek8vblc51aexgj0qKjh95bYIANGCaxoI=
+golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260920014000-1f7c531b64a1/go.mod h1:HPze8vhfG6fO06AM+VSvxRm4E3+5Yk375mgrJ5M2z1E=
+golang.org/x/net v0.59.0 h1:5zfYln+w5XCxwrnMMJPufRgNoXEaGxl0wo5GqPXyues=
+golang.org/x/net v0.59.0/go.mod h1:2DA/G1UfVbCpQPeWTmMPGY7Cs2PkBkwu743bVX5PIVg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 h1:bbX/i/6MgT9BVLM9RT1thmxL04yeTAhbEz4SyadbXoo=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0/go.mod h1:hNLxWAXmnKAxqDtdwIYC4bM9oQPEecfsnNMuSxOs3og=
+golang.org/x/text v0.42.0 h1:JbOZXgfeCPU9gacVtYliJqOhD+zhrEqK4LfdpmlUZqI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.42.0/go.mod h1:ojzP1Z+2QtioaF8DTtO8K5q7JWVVYwZKenzujK0Zd0E=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 h1:YR8cESwS4TdDjEe65xsg0ogRM/Nc3DYOhEAlW+xobZo=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 h1:Dgnx+6+nfE+IfzjUEISNeydPJh9AXNNsWbGP9KzCsOA=
-gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0/go.mod h1:pNLf8WUiyNEtQjuu5G5vTm06TEv9tsIgeAvK8hOrP4k=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=

lib/casefold.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
+)
+
+// defaultCaseInsensitiveFS is true on platforms that are case-insensitive by
+// default, and false on platforms that are case-sensitive by default. It is used
+// as a fallback when probing the file system fails.
+const defaultCaseInsensitiveFS = runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows"
+
+// foldPath is used to compare paths in a case-insensitive manner, normalizing
+// them to NFC and converting to lower case.
+func foldPath(p string) string {
+	return norm.NFC.String(strings.ToLower(p))
+}
+
+// caseInsensitiveFS probes the file system backing dir to see if it is case
+// insensitive. It falls back to the platform default when the probe fails.
+func caseInsensitiveFS(dir string) bool {
+	info, err := os.Stat(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return defaultCaseInsensitiveFS
+	}
+
+	flipped, ok := flipCase(dir)
+	if !ok {
+		return defaultCaseInsensitiveFS
+	}
+
+	other, err := os.Stat(flipped)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return os.SameFile(info, other)
+}
+
+// flipCase swaps the case of the first letter in the last element of dir whose
+// case mapping round-trips, reporting false when it holds none.
+func flipCase(dir string) (string, bool) {
+	flipped := false
+
+	base := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
+		if flipped {
+			return r
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		case unicode.IsLower(r):
+			if u := unicode.ToUpper(r); unicode.ToLower(u) == r {
+				flipped = true
+				return u
+			}
+		case unicode.IsUpper(r):
+			if l := unicode.ToLower(r); unicode.ToUpper(l) == r {
+				flipped = true
+				return l
+			}
+		}
+
+		return r
+	}, filepath.Base(dir))
+
+	if !flipped {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(dir), base), true
+}

lib/config.go

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ package lib
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2"
@@ -22,6 +24,8 @@ const (
 	DefaultPrefix  = "/"
 )
 
+var errDirectoryConflict = errors.New("directory and directories cannot both be defined")
+
 type Config struct {
 	UserPermissions `mapstructure:",squash"`
 	Debug           bool
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
-	v := viper.New()
+	v := viper.NewWithOptions(viper.ExperimentalBindStruct())
 
 	// Configure flags bindings
 	if flags != nil {
@@ -53,6 +57,10 @@ func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
 	// Configuration file settings
 	v.AddConfigPath(".")
 	v.AddConfigPath("/etc/webdav/")
+	if path, err := os.Executable(); err == nil {
+		v.AddConfigPath(filepath.Dir(path))
+	}
+
 	v.SetConfigName("config")
 	if filename != "" {
 		v.SetConfigFile(filename)
@@ -62,9 +70,6 @@ func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
 	v.SetEnvPrefix("wd")
 	v.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer(".", "_"))
 	v.AutomaticEnv()
-	// TODO: use new env struct bind feature when it's released in viper.
-	// This should make it redundant to set defaults for things that are
-	// empty or false.
 
 	// Defaults shared with flags
 	v.SetDefault("TLS", DefaultTLS)
@@ -84,9 +89,9 @@ func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
 	v.SetDefault("Log.Format", "console")
 	v.SetDefault("Log.Outputs", []string{"stderr"})
 	v.SetDefault("Log.Colors", true)
-	v.SetDefault("CORS.Allowed_Headers", []string{"*"})
 	v.SetDefault("CORS.Allowed_Hosts", []string{"*"})
-	v.SetDefault("CORS.Allowed_Methods", []string{"*"})
+	v.SetDefault("CORS.Allowed_Headers", []string{"Authorization", "Content-Type", "Content-Range", "Depth", "Destination", "If", "Lock-Token", "Overwrite", "X-Update-Range"})
+	v.SetDefault("CORS.Allowed_Methods", []string{"COPY", "DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "LOCK", "MKCOL", "MOVE", "OPTIONS", "PATCH", "POST", "PROPFIND", "PROPPATCH", "PUT", "UNLOCK"})
 
 	// Read and unmarshal configuration
 	err := v.ReadInConfig()
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
 
 	cfg := &Config{}
 	err = v.Unmarshal(cfg, viper.DecodeHook(mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
+		directoryMountsDecodeHook(),
 		mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
 		mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
 		mapstructure.TextUnmarshallerHookFunc(),
@@ -106,12 +112,28 @@ func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	err = applyDirectoryConfig(v, flags, &cfg.UserPermissions, "directory", "directories", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid config: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// Cascade user settings
 	for i := range cfg.Users {
-		if !v.IsSet(fmt.Sprintf("Users.%d.Directory", i)) {
+		userDirectoryKey := fmt.Sprintf("Users.%d.Directory", i)
+		userDirectoriesKey := fmt.Sprintf("Users.%d.Directories", i)
+
+		if !v.IsSet(userDirectoryKey) {
 			cfg.Users[i].Directory = cfg.Directory
 		}
 
+		err := applyDirectoryConfig(v, flags, &cfg.Users[i].UserPermissions, userDirectoryKey, userDirectoriesKey, &cfg.UserPermissions)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, errDirectoryConflict) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid config: user %q cannot define both directory and directories", cfg.Users[i].Username)
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid config: user %q: %w", cfg.Users[i].Username, err)
+		}
+
 		if !v.IsSet(fmt.Sprintf("Users.%d.Permissions", i)) {
 			cfg.Users[i].Permissions = cfg.Permissions
 		}
@@ -143,6 +165,46 @@ func ParseConfig(filename string, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
 	return cfg, nil
 }
 
+func applyDirectoryConfig(v *viper.Viper, flags *pflag.FlagSet, permissions *UserPermissions, directoryKey, directoriesKey string, inherited *UserPermissions) error {
+	permissions.directoryExplicit = isExplicitlySet(v, flags, directoryKey)
+	permissions.directoriesExplicit = isExplicitlySet(v, flags, directoriesKey)
+	if permissions.directoryExplicit && permissions.directoriesExplicit {
+		return errDirectoryConflict
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case permissions.directoryExplicit:
+		permissions.Directory = v.GetString(directoryKey)
+		permissions.useDirectories = false
+	case permissions.directoriesExplicit:
+		directories, err := getDirectoryMounts(v, directoriesKey, permissions.Directories)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		permissions.Directories = directories
+		permissions.useDirectories = true
+	case inherited != nil:
+		permissions.Directories = append(DirectoryMounts{}, inherited.Directories...)
+		permissions.useDirectories = inherited.useDirectories
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isExplicitlySet(v *viper.Viper, flags *pflag.FlagSet, key string) bool {
+	if flags != nil && flags.Changed(key) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if v.InConfig(key) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	envKey := "WD_" + strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "_"))
+	value, ok := os.LookupEnv(envKey)
+	return ok && value != ""
+}
+
 func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 	var err error
 
@@ -186,6 +248,119 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func directoryMountsDecodeHook() mapstructure.DecodeHookFunc {
+	mountsType := reflect.TypeOf(DirectoryMounts{})
+
+	return func(from reflect.Type, to reflect.Type, data any) (any, error) {
+		if to != mountsType {
+			return data, nil
+		}
+
+		return decodeDirectoryMounts(data)
+	}
+}
+
+func getDirectoryMounts(v *viper.Viper, key string, fallback DirectoryMounts) (DirectoryMounts, error) {
+	value := v.Get(key)
+	if value == nil {
+		return fallback, nil
+	}
+
+	return decodeDirectoryMounts(value)
+}
+
+func decodeDirectoryMounts(data any) (DirectoryMounts, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return DirectoryMounts{}, nil
+	case DirectoryMounts:
+		return value, nil
+	case []DirectoryMount:
+		return DirectoryMounts(value), nil
+	case string:
+		if value == "" {
+			return DirectoryMounts{}, nil
+		}
+
+		parts := strings.Split(value, ",")
+		mounts := make(DirectoryMounts, 0, len(parts))
+		for _, part := range parts {
+			part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if part == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			mounts = append(mounts, DirectoryMount{Path: part})
+		}
+		return mounts, nil
+	case []any:
+		mounts := make(DirectoryMounts, 0, len(value))
+		for _, item := range value {
+			mount, err := decodeDirectoryMount(item)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			mounts = append(mounts, mount)
+		}
+		return mounts, nil
+	case []string:
+		mounts := make(DirectoryMounts, 0, len(value))
+		for _, item := range value {
+			mounts = append(mounts, DirectoryMount{Path: item})
+		}
+		return mounts, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid directories: unsupported value %T", data)
+	}
+}
+
+func decodeDirectoryMount(data any) (DirectoryMount, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return DirectoryMount{Path: value}, nil
+	case map[string]any:
+		return decodeDirectoryMountMap(value)
+	case map[any]any:
+		m := map[string]any{}
+		for key, value := range value {
+			keyString, ok := key.(string)
+			if !ok {
+				return DirectoryMount{}, errors.New("invalid directories: mount keys must be strings")
+			}
+			m[keyString] = value
+		}
+		return decodeDirectoryMountMap(m)
+	default:
+		return DirectoryMount{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid directories: unsupported mount entry %T", data)
+	}
+}
+
+func decodeDirectoryMountMap(data map[string]any) (DirectoryMount, error) {
+	_, hasName := data["name"]
+	_, hasPath := data["path"]
+	if hasName || hasPath {
+		name, nameOK := data["name"].(string)
+		path, pathOK := data["path"].(string)
+		if !nameOK || !pathOK || len(data) != 2 {
+			return DirectoryMount{}, errors.New("invalid directories: explicit mount objects must define name and path")
+		}
+		return DirectoryMount{Name: name, Path: path}, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(data) != 1 {
+		return DirectoryMount{}, errors.New("invalid directories: mapped mount entries must have exactly one key")
+	}
+
+	for name, path := range data {
+		pathString, ok := path.(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return DirectoryMount{}, errors.New("invalid directories: mapped mount paths must be strings")
+		}
+		return DirectoryMount{Name: name, Path: pathString}, nil
+	}
+
+	return DirectoryMount{}, errors.New("invalid directories: empty mount entry")
+}
+
 func (cfg *Config) GetLogger() (*zap.Logger, error) {
 	loggerConfig := zap.NewProductionConfig()
 	loggerConfig.DisableCaller = true
@@ -208,10 +383,11 @@ type Log struct {
 }
 
 type CORS struct {
-	Enabled        bool
-	Credentials    bool
-	AllowedHeaders []string `mapstructure:"allowed_headers"`
-	AllowedHosts   []string `mapstructure:"allowed_hosts"`
-	AllowedMethods []string `mapstructure:"allowed_methods"`
-	ExposedHeaders []string `mapstructure:"exposed_headers"`
+	Enabled             bool
+	Credentials         bool
+	AllowPrivateNetwork bool     `mapstructure:"allow_private_network"`
+	AllowedHeaders      []string `mapstructure:"allowed_headers"`
+	AllowedHosts        []string `mapstructure:"allowed_hosts"`
+	AllowedMethods      []string `mapstructure:"allowed_methods"`
+	ExposedHeaders      []string `mapstructure:"exposed_headers"`
 }

lib/config_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package lib
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -51,20 +52,28 @@ func TestConfigDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, dir, cfg.Directory)
 
-	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"*"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedHeaders)
 	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"*"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedHosts)
-	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"*"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedMethods)
+	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"Authorization", "Content-Type", "Content-Range", "Depth", "Destination", "If", "Lock-Token", "Overwrite", "X-Update-Range"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedHeaders)
+	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"COPY", "DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "LOCK", "MKCOL", "MOVE", "OPTIONS", "PATCH", "POST", "PROPFIND", "PROPPATCH", "PUT", "UNLOCK"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedMethods)
+	require.False(t, cfg.CORS.AllowPrivateNetwork)
 }
 
 func TestConfigCascade(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	// Directories are resolved to absolute paths, which differ by platform
+	// (for example "/" becomes the current drive root on Windows).
+	rootDirectory, err := filepath.Abs("/")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	basicDirectory, err := filepath.Abs("/basic")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	check := func(t *testing.T, cfg *Config) {
 		require.True(t, cfg.Permissions.Read)
 		require.True(t, cfg.Permissions.Create)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Permissions.Delete)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Permissions.Update)
-		require.Equal(t, "/", cfg.Directory)
+		require.Equal(t, rootDirectory, cfg.Directory)
 		require.Len(t, cfg.Rules, 1)
 
 		require.Len(t, cfg.Users, 2)
@@ -72,14 +81,14 @@ func TestConfigCascade(t *testing.T) {
 		require.True(t, cfg.Users[0].Permissions.Create)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Users[0].Permissions.Delete)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Users[0].Permissions.Update)
-		require.Equal(t, "/", cfg.Users[0].Directory)
+		require.Equal(t, rootDirectory, cfg.Users[0].Directory)
 		require.Len(t, cfg.Users[0].Rules, 1)
 
 		require.True(t, cfg.Users[1].Permissions.Read)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Users[1].Permissions.Create)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Users[1].Permissions.Delete)
 		require.False(t, cfg.Users[1].Permissions.Update)
-		require.Equal(t, "/basic", cfg.Users[1].Directory)
+		require.Equal(t, basicDirectory, cfg.Users[1].Directory)
 		require.Len(t, cfg.Users[1].Rules, 0)
 	}
 
@@ -165,6 +174,182 @@ rules = []
 	})
 }
 
+func TestConfigDirectories(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("Mixed Entries", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		dirC := t.TempDir()
+		dirD := t.TempDir()
+		dirE := t.TempDir()
+
+		cfg := writeAndParseConfig(t, `
+directories:
+  - `+dirC+`
+  - d2: `+dirD+`
+  - name: archive
+    path: `+dirE+`
+`, ".yml")
+		require.NoError(t, cfg.Validate())
+
+		require.True(t, cfg.useDirectories)
+		require.Equal(t, filepath.Base(dirC), cfg.Directories[0].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirC, cfg.Directories[0].Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "d2", cfg.Directories[1].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirD, cfg.Directories[1].Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "archive", cfg.Directories[2].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirE, cfg.Directories[2].Path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("JSON", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		dirC := t.TempDir()
+		dirD := t.TempDir()
+		dirE := t.TempDir()
+
+		cfg := writeAndParseConfig(t, `{
+	"directories": [
+		`+strconv.Quote(dirC)+`,
+		{ "d2": `+strconv.Quote(dirD)+` },
+		{ "name": "archive", "path": `+strconv.Quote(dirE)+` }
+	]
+}`, ".json")
+		require.NoError(t, cfg.Validate())
+
+		require.True(t, cfg.useDirectories)
+		require.Equal(t, filepath.Base(dirC), cfg.Directories[0].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirC, cfg.Directories[0].Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "d2", cfg.Directories[1].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirD, cfg.Directories[1].Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "archive", cfg.Directories[2].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirE, cfg.Directories[2].Path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TOML", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		dirD := t.TempDir()
+		dirE := t.TempDir()
+
+		cfg := writeAndParseConfig(t, `
+[[directories]]
+d2 = `+strconv.Quote(dirD)+`
+
+[[directories]]
+name = "archive"
+path = `+strconv.Quote(dirE)+`
+`, ".toml")
+		require.NoError(t, cfg.Validate())
+
+		require.True(t, cfg.useDirectories)
+		require.Equal(t, "d2", cfg.Directories[0].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirD, cfg.Directories[0].Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "archive", cfg.Directories[1].Name)
+		require.Equal(t, dirE, cfg.Directories[1].Path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Mutually Exclusive Global Directory Fields", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		writeAndParseConfigWithError(t, `
+directory: /tmp
+directories:
+  - /tmp
+`, ".yml", "directory and directories cannot both be defined")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Mutually Exclusive User Directory Fields", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		writeAndParseConfigWithError(t, `
+users:
+  - username: basic
+    password: basic
+    directory: /tmp
+    directories:
+      - /tmp
+`, ".yml", "cannot define both directory and directories")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Duplicate Mount Names", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		parent := t.TempDir()
+		dir := filepath.Join(parent, "dup")
+		require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(dir, 0775))
+
+		writeAndParseConfigWithError(t, `
+directories:
+  - `+dir+`
+  - dup: /tmp
+`, ".yml", "duplicate mount name")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Cascade Mode", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		global := t.TempDir()
+		single := t.TempDir()
+		userMulti := t.TempDir()
+
+		cfg := writeAndParseConfig(t, `
+directories:
+  - global: `+global+`
+users:
+  - username: inherited
+    password: inherited
+  - username: single
+    password: single
+    directory: `+single+`
+  - username: multi
+    password: multi
+    directories:
+      - owned: `+userMulti+`
+`, ".yml")
+		require.NoError(t, cfg.Validate())
+
+		require.True(t, cfg.useDirectories)
+		require.True(t, cfg.Users[0].useDirectories)
+		require.Equal(t, DirectoryMounts{{Name: "global", Path: global}}, cfg.Users[0].Directories)
+		require.False(t, cfg.Users[1].useDirectories)
+		require.Equal(t, single, cfg.Users[1].Directory)
+		require.True(t, cfg.Users[2].useDirectories)
+		require.Equal(t, DirectoryMounts{{Name: "owned", Path: userMulti}}, cfg.Users[2].Directories)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestConfigDirectoriesEnvOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	global := t.TempDir()
+	single := t.TempDir()
+	userMulti := t.TempDir()
+
+	t.Setenv("WD_DIRECTORIES", global)
+	t.Setenv("WD_USERS_1_DIRECTORY", single)
+	t.Setenv("WD_USERS_2_DIRECTORIES", userMulti)
+
+	cfg := writeAndParseConfig(t, `
+users:
+  - username: inherited
+    password: inherited
+  - username: single
+    password: single
+  - username: multi
+    password: multi
+`, ".yml")
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.Validate())
+
+	require.True(t, cfg.useDirectories)
+	require.Equal(t, DirectoryMounts{{Name: filepath.Base(global), Path: global}}, cfg.Directories)
+	require.True(t, cfg.Users[0].useDirectories)
+	require.Equal(t, DirectoryMounts{{Name: filepath.Base(global), Path: global}}, cfg.Users[0].Directories)
+	require.False(t, cfg.Users[1].useDirectories)
+	require.Equal(t, single, cfg.Users[1].Directory)
+	require.True(t, cfg.Users[2].useDirectories)
+	require.Equal(t, DirectoryMounts{{Name: filepath.Base(userMulti), Path: userMulti}}, cfg.Users[2].Directories)
+}
+
 func TestConfigKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -172,6 +357,7 @@ func TestConfigKeys(t *testing.T) {
 cors:
   enabled: true
   credentials: true
+  allow_private_network: true
   allowed_headers:
     - Depth
   allowed_hosts:
@@ -185,6 +371,7 @@ cors:
 
 	require.True(t, cfg.CORS.Enabled)
 	require.True(t, cfg.CORS.Credentials)
+	require.True(t, cfg.CORS.AllowPrivateNetwork)
 	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"Content-Length", "Content-Range"}, cfg.CORS.ExposedHeaders)
 	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"Depth"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedHeaders)
 	require.EqualValues(t, []string{"http://localhost:8080"}, cfg.CORS.AllowedHosts)
@@ -308,8 +495,11 @@ func TestConfigEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg, err := ParseConfig("", nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	expectedDirectory, err := filepath.Abs("/test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	assert.Equal(t, 1234, cfg.Port)
-	assert.Equal(t, "/test", cfg.Directory)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedDirectory, cfg.Directory)
 	assert.Equal(t, true, cfg.Debug)
 	require.True(t, cfg.Permissions.Read)
 	require.True(t, cfg.Permissions.Create)

lib/files.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ type noSniffFileInfo struct {
 }
 
 func (w noSniffFileInfo) ContentType(ctx context.Context) (contentType string, err error) {
-	if mimeType := mime.TypeByExtension(path.Ext(w.FileInfo.Name())); mimeType != "" {
+	if mimeType := mime.TypeByExtension(path.Ext(w.Name())); mimeType != "" {
 		// We can figure out the mime from the extension.
 		return mimeType, nil
 	} else {

lib/handler.go

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ package lib
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/rs/cors"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
@@ -13,58 +11,45 @@ import (
 
 type handlerUser struct {
 	User
-	webdav.Handler
+	handler webdav.Handler
+	fs      permissionsFS
 }
 
 type Handler struct {
 	noPassword  bool
 	behindProxy bool
-	prefix      string
 	user        *handlerUser
 	users       map[string]*handlerUser
 }
 
 func NewHandler(c *Config) (http.Handler, error) {
+	ls := webdav.NewMemLS()
+
+	logFunc := func(r *http.Request, err error) {
+		lZap := getRequestLogger(r, c.BehindProxy)
+		lZap.Debug("handle webdav request", zap.String("method", r.Method), zap.String("path", r.URL.Path), zap.Error(err))
+	}
+
 	h := &Handler{
 		noPassword:  c.NoPassword,
 		behindProxy: c.BehindProxy,
-		prefix:      c.Prefix,
-		user: &handlerUser{
-			User: User{
-				UserPermissions: c.UserPermissions,
-			},
-			Handler: webdav.Handler{
-				FileSystem: Dir{
-					Dir:     webdav.Dir(c.Directory),
-					noSniff: c.NoSniff,
-				},
-				LockSystem: webdav.NewMemLS(),
-			},
-		},
-		users: map[string]*handlerUser{},
+		user:        newHandlerUser(User{UserPermissions: c.UserPermissions}, c, ls, logFunc),
+		users:       map[string]*handlerUser{},
 	}
 
 	for _, u := range c.Users {
-		h.users[u.Username] = &handlerUser{
-			User: u,
-			Handler: webdav.Handler{
-				FileSystem: Dir{
-					Dir:     webdav.Dir(u.Directory),
-					noSniff: c.NoSniff,
-				},
-				LockSystem: webdav.NewMemLS(),
-			},
-		}
+		h.users[u.Username] = newHandlerUser(u, c, ls, logFunc)
 	}
 
 	if c.CORS.Enabled {
 		return cors.New(cors.Options{
-			AllowCredentials:   c.CORS.Credentials,
-			AllowedOrigins:     c.CORS.AllowedHosts,
-			AllowedMethods:     c.CORS.AllowedMethods,
-			AllowedHeaders:     c.CORS.AllowedHeaders,
-			ExposedHeaders:     c.CORS.ExposedHeaders,
-			OptionsPassthrough: false,
+			AllowCredentials:    c.CORS.Credentials,
+			AllowPrivateNetwork: c.CORS.AllowPrivateNetwork,
+			AllowedOrigins:      c.CORS.AllowedHosts,
+			AllowedMethods:      c.CORS.AllowedMethods,
+			AllowedHeaders:      c.CORS.AllowedHeaders,
+			ExposedHeaders:      c.CORS.ExposedHeaders,
+			OptionsPassthrough:  false,
 		}).Handler(h), nil
 	}
 
@@ -79,17 +64,62 @@ func NewHandler(c *Config) (http.Handler, error) {
 	return h, nil
 }
 
+// newHandlerUser prepares a user for serving, keeping the unwrapped file system
+// alongside the handler.
+func newHandlerUser(u User, c *Config, ls webdav.LockSystem, logFunc func(*http.Request, error)) *handlerUser {
+	fs := permissionsFS{fs: buildFileSystem(u.UserPermissions, c.NoSniff), perms: u.UserPermissions}
+
+	return &handlerUser{
+		User:    u,
+		handler: buildWebdavHandler(u.UserPermissions, fs, c.Prefix, ls, logFunc),
+		fs:      fs,
+	}
+}
+
+// buildFileSystem creates the unfiltered [webdav.FileSystem] for a set of user
+// permissions, selecting between single-directory and multi-directory backing
+// depending on whether directories are configured.
+func buildFileSystem(p UserPermissions, noSniff bool) webdav.FileSystem {
+	if p.useDirectories {
+		return multiDir{
+			mounts:  p.Directories,
+			noSniff: noSniff,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return Dir{
+		Dir:     webdav.Dir(p.Directory),
+		noSniff: noSniff,
+	}
+}
+
+// buildWebdavHandler creates the [webdav.Handler] for a set of user permissions.
+func buildWebdavHandler(p UserPermissions, fs permissionsFS, prefix string, ls webdav.LockSystem, logFunc func(*http.Request, error)) webdav.Handler {
+	h := webdav.Handler{
+		Prefix:     prefix,
+		Logger:     logFunc,
+		FileSystem: fs,
+	}
+
+	if p.useDirectories {
+		h.LockSystem = newMultiDirLockSystem(ls, p.Directories)
+	} else {
+		h.LockSystem = newLockSystem(ls, p.Directory)
+	}
+
+	return h
+}
+
 // ServeHTTP determines if the request is for this plugin, and if all prerequisites are met.
 func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	user := h.user
 
+	lZap := getRequestLogger(r, h.behindProxy)
+
 	// Authentication
 	if len(h.users) > 0 {
 		w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="Restricted"`)
 
-		// Retrieve the real client IP address using the updated helper function
-		remoteAddr := getRealRemoteIP(r, h.behindProxy)
-
 		// Gets the correct user for this request.
 		username, password, ok := r.BasicAuth()
 		if !ok {
@@ -100,78 +130,109 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		user, ok = h.users[username]
 		if !ok {
 			// Log invalid username
-			zap.L().Info("invalid username", zap.String("username", username), zap.String("remote_address", remoteAddr))
+			lZap.Info("invalid username", zap.String("username", username))
 			http.Error(w, "Not authorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
 
 		if !h.noPassword && !user.checkPassword(password) {
 			// Log invalid password
-			zap.L().Info("invalid password", zap.String("username", username), zap.String("remote_address", remoteAddr))
+			lZap.Info("invalid password", zap.String("username", username))
 			http.Error(w, "Not authorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
 
 		// Log successful authorization
-		zap.L().Info("user authorized", zap.String("username", username), zap.String("remote_address", remoteAddr))
+		lZap.Info("user authorized", zap.String("username", username))
 	}
 
-	// Validate and clean destination header if it exists, by stripping out the
-	// prefix and only keeping the actual destination path, always prefixed by
-	// a forward slash to ensure that the rules can successful match the path.
-	if destination := r.Header.Get("Destination"); destination != "" {
-		u, err := url.Parse(destination)
-		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, "Invalid Destination header", http.StatusBadRequest)
-			return
-		}
-
-		if h.prefix != "" {
-			destination = strings.TrimPrefix(u.Path, h.prefix)
-			if len(destination) >= len(u.Path) {
-				http.Error(w, "Invalid URL prefix", http.StatusBadRequest)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(destination, "/") {
-			destination = "/" + destination
-		}
-
-		r.Header.Set("Destination", destination)
+	// Convert the HTTP request into an internal request type
+	req, err := newRequest(r, h.user.handler.Prefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		lZap.Info("invalid request path or destination", zap.Error(err))
+		http.Error(w, "Invalid request path or destination", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
 	}
 
-	// Clean up URL path by stripping out the prefix, and ensuring it always begins
-	// with a forward slash, so that it can match against the rules.
-	path := r.URL.Path
-
-	if h.prefix != "" {
-		path = strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, h.prefix)
-		if len(path) >= len(r.URL.Path) {
-			http.Error(w, "Invalid URL prefix", http.StatusBadRequest)
-			return
-		}
+	fileExists := func(filename string) bool {
+		_, err := user.fs.Stat(r.Context(), filename)
+		return !os.IsNotExist(err)
 	}
 
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
-		path = "/" + path
-	}
-
-	r.URL.Path = path
-
 	// Checks for user permissions relatively to this PATH.
-	allowed := user.Allowed(r, func(filename string) bool {
-		_, err := user.FileSystem.Stat(r.Context(), filename)
-		return !os.IsNotExist(err)
-	})
+	allowed := user.Allowed(req, fileExists)
 
-	zap.L().Debug("allowed & method & path", zap.Bool("allowed", allowed), zap.String("method", r.Method), zap.String("path", r.URL.Path))
+	lZap.Debug("allowed & method & path", zap.Bool("allowed", allowed), zap.String("method", r.Method), zap.String("path", r.URL.Path))
 
 	if !allowed {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
 		return
 	}
 
+	// MOVE and DELETE act on a whole source subtree in one call, so every
+	// descendant needs authorizing here. Reading COPY and PROPFIND out of the
+	// source goes through permFS instead.
+	if r.Method == "MOVE" || r.Method == "DELETE" {
+		ok, err := user.fs.allowedThroughout(r.Context(), req.path, func(p Permissions) bool {
+			return p.Allowed(req, fileExists)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			lZap.Error("could not authorize subtree", zap.String("path", req.path), zap.Error(err))
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !ok {
+			lZap.Info("denied by a rule on a descendant", zap.String("method", r.Method), zap.String("path", req.path))
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Excerpt from RFC4918, section 9.9.3, on MOVE:
+	//
+	//		If a resource exists at the destination and the Overwrite header is
+	//		"T", then prior to performing the move, the server MUST perform a
+	//		DELETE with "Depth: infinity" on the destination resource.
+	//
+	// And from section 9.8.4, on COPY:
+	//
+	//		When a collection is overwritten, the membership of the destination
+	//		collection after the successful COPY request MUST be the same
+	//		membership as the source collection immediately before the COPY.
+	//
+	// Either way whatever the destination collection held is gone, which
+	// golang.org/x/net/webdav carries out as a RemoveAll before the rename or
+	// the copy. Writing over a file is an update, already authorized by Allowed,
+	// but removing a collection takes everything under it. Nothing writes to
+	// those descendants, they are only destroyed, so authorize the destination
+	// the way DELETE on that collection would be.
+	if (r.Method == "MOVE" || r.Method == "COPY") && req.destination != "" {
+		info, err := user.fs.Stat(r.Context(), req.destination)
+		if err == nil && info.IsDir() {
+			deletable := func(p Permissions) bool { return p.Delete }
+
+			// allowedThroughout reaches descendants only, and the destination
+			// check in Allowed covers the collection itself as an update rather
+			// than a delete, so that is checked here.
+			ok := user.allowedAt(req.destination, deletable)
+			if ok {
+				ok, err = user.fs.allowedThroughout(r.Context(), req.destination, deletable)
+				if err != nil {
+					lZap.Error("could not authorize destination subtree", zap.String("destination", req.destination), zap.Error(err))
+					w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !ok {
+				lZap.Info("denied by a rule on the destination collection", zap.String("method", r.Method), zap.String("destination", req.destination))
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if r.Method == "HEAD" {
 		w = responseWriterNoBody{w}
 	}
@@ -182,9 +243,13 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	//		"index.html" resource, a human-readable view of the contents of
 	//		the collection, or something else altogether.
 	//
-	// Get, when applied to collection, will return the same as PROPFIND method.
-	if r.Method == "GET" && strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, user.Prefix) {
-		info, err := user.FileSystem.Stat(r.Context(), strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, user.Prefix))
+	//    Similarly, since the definition of HEAD is a GET without a response
+	// 		message body, the semantics of HEAD are unmodified when applied to
+	// 		collection resources.
+	//
+	// GET (or HEAD), when applied to collection, will return the same as PROPFIND method.
+	if r.Method == "GET" || r.Method == "HEAD" {
+		info, err := user.fs.Stat(r.Context(), req.path)
 		if err == nil && info.IsDir() {
 			r.Method = "PROPFIND"
 
@@ -194,8 +259,26 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if r.Method == "OPTIONS" {
+		user.handleOptions(w, r, req.path)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if r.Method == "PATCH" || (r.Method == "PUT" && r.Header.Get("Content-Range") != "") {
+		user.handlePartialUpdate(w, r, req.path)
+		return
+	}
+
 	// Runs the WebDAV.
-	user.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	user.handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+}
+
+// getRequestLogger creates a zap.Logger using the request remote ip.
+func getRequestLogger(r *http.Request, behindProxy bool) *zap.Logger {
+	// Retrieve the real client IP address using the updated helper function
+	remoteAddr := getRealRemoteIP(r, behindProxy)
+
+	return zap.L().With(zap.String("remote_address", remoteAddr))
 }
 
 // getRealRemoteIP retrieves the client's actual IP address, considering reverse proxies.
@@ -213,5 +296,5 @@ type responseWriterNoBody struct {
 }
 
 func (w responseWriterNoBody) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
-	return 0, nil
+	return len(data), nil
 }

lib/locksystem.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/webdav"
+)
+
+var _ webdav.LockSystem = &lockSystem{}
+
+// lockSystem wraps a [webdav.LockSystem], mapping virtual request names to the
+// real backing paths via resolve. This allows reusing the same
+// [webdav.LockSystem] for multiple users with different base directories,
+// meaning we can correctly lock the files across different users.
+type lockSystem struct {
+	webdav.LockSystem
+	resolve func(name string) (string, error)
+}
+
+// newLockSystem returns a lockSystem for a single-directory user, resolving
+// names relative to directory.
+func newLockSystem(ls webdav.LockSystem, directory string) *lockSystem {
+	return &lockSystem{
+		LockSystem: ls,
+		resolve: func(name string) (string, error) {
+			// Lock names share a slash-separated namespace across users, even
+			// on Windows where filepath.Join would emit backslashes and break
+			// descendant-lock matching in the underlying LockSystem.
+			return path.Join(filepath.ToSlash(directory), name), nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// newMultiDirLockSystem returns a lockSystem for a multi-directory user,
+// resolving names against the real backing path of each mount.
+func newMultiDirLockSystem(ls webdav.LockSystem, mounts DirectoryMounts) *lockSystem {
+	return &lockSystem{
+		LockSystem: ls,
+		resolve: func(name string) (string, error) {
+			if cleanName(name) == "/" {
+				return "/", nil
+			}
+
+			mount, rest, err := multiDir{mounts: mounts}.resolve(name)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+
+			// filePath returns an OS-native path for real file operations; the
+			// lock namespace must stay slash-separated so descendant locks match
+			// on Windows.
+			return filepath.ToSlash(mount.filePath(rest)), nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *lockSystem) Confirm(now time.Time, name0, name1 string, conditions ...webdav.Condition) (release func(), err error) {
+	if name0 != "" {
+		name0, err = l.resolve(name0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if name1 != "" {
+		name1, err = l.resolve(name1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return l.LockSystem.Confirm(now, name0, name1, conditions...)
+}
+
+func (l *lockSystem) Create(now time.Time, details webdav.LockDetails) (token string, err error) {
+	details.Root, err = l.resolve(details.Root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return l.LockSystem.Create(now, details)
+}

lib/locksystem_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/net/webdav"
+)
+
+func TestLockSystemRootLockProtectsDescendants(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	locks := newLockSystem(webdav.NewMemLS(), filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested"))
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	token, err := locks.Create(now, webdav.LockDetails{
+		Root:     "/",
+		Duration: time.Minute,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, locks.Unlock(time.Now(), token))
+	})
+
+	_, err = locks.Create(now, webdav.LockDetails{
+		Root:      "/child.txt",
+		Duration:  time.Minute,
+		ZeroDepth: true,
+	})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, webdav.ErrLocked)
+}
+
+func TestLockSystemSharesLocksAcrossNestedUserDirectories(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	shared := webdav.NewMemLS()
+	parentDirectory := t.TempDir()
+	childDirectory := filepath.Join(parentDirectory, "child")
+	parent := newLockSystem(shared, parentDirectory)
+	child := newLockSystem(shared, childDirectory)
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	token, err := parent.Create(now, webdav.LockDetails{
+		Root:     "/",
+		Duration: time.Minute,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, parent.Unlock(time.Now(), token))
+	})
+
+	_, err = child.Create(now, webdav.LockDetails{
+		Root:      "/file.txt",
+		Duration:  time.Minute,
+		ZeroDepth: true,
+	})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, webdav.ErrLocked)
+
+	// The lock key is slash-separated on every platform, so the child's file
+	// nests under the parent's root lock rather than diverging on Windows.
+	key, err := child.resolve("/file.txt")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, path.Join(filepath.ToSlash(childDirectory), "file.txt"), key)
+}
+
+func TestMultiDirLockSystemUsesSlashSeparatedKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	mounts := DirectoryMounts{{Name: "docs", Path: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "docs")}}
+	locks := newMultiDirLockSystem(webdav.NewMemLS(), mounts)
+
+	key, err := locks.resolve("/docs/report.txt")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, path.Join(filepath.ToSlash(mounts[0].Path), "report.txt"), key)
+	require.NotContains(t, key, "\\")
+}

lib/multidir.go

@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/webdav"
+)
+
+var _ webdav.FileSystem = multiDir{}
+
+const windowsErrorNotSameDevice = syscall.Errno(17)
+
+type multiDir struct {
+	mounts  DirectoryMounts
+	noSniff bool
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, name string, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	mount, rest, err := m.resolve(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if rest == "/" {
+		return os.ErrExist
+	}
+
+	return mount.dir(m.noSniff).Mkdir(ctx, rest, perm)
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) OpenFile(ctx context.Context, name string, flag int, perm os.FileMode) (webdav.File, error) {
+	if cleanName(name) == "/" {
+		if writeFlag(flag) {
+			return nil, os.ErrPermission
+		}
+
+		return &multiDirRootFile{
+			entries: m.rootEntries(ctx),
+			info:    virtualDirInfo{name: "/"},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	mount, rest, err := m.resolve(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if rest == "/" && writeFlag(flag) {
+		return nil, os.ErrPermission
+	}
+
+	file, err := mount.dir(m.noSniff).OpenFile(ctx, rest, flag, perm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if rest == "/" {
+		return mountRootFile{File: file, name: mount.Name}, nil
+	}
+	return file, nil
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) RemoveAll(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
+	if cleanName(name) == "/" {
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	mount, rest, err := m.resolve(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if rest == "/" {
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	return mount.dir(m.noSniff).RemoveAll(ctx, rest)
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) Rename(ctx context.Context, oldName, newName string) error {
+	oldMount, oldRest, err := m.resolve(oldName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	newMount, newRest, err := m.resolve(newName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if oldRest == "/" || newRest == "/" {
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	if oldMount.Name == newMount.Name {
+		return oldMount.dir(m.noSniff).Rename(ctx, oldRest, newRest)
+	}
+
+	oldPath := oldMount.filePath(oldRest)
+	newPath := newMount.filePath(newRest)
+	if err := os.Rename(oldPath, newPath); err != nil {
+		if isCrossDeviceError(err) {
+			return renameAcrossMount(oldPath, newPath)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func renameAcrossMount(oldPath, newPath string) error {
+	info, err := os.Lstat(oldPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		target, err := os.Readlink(oldPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := os.Symlink(target, newPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return os.Remove(oldPath)
+	}
+
+	if info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		if err := copyRegularFile(oldPath, newPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		source, err := fs.Sub(os.DirFS(filepath.Dir(oldPath)), filepath.Base(oldPath))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := os.CopyFS(newPath, source); err != nil {
+			_ = os.RemoveAll(newPath)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := copyMetadata(oldPath, newPath); err != nil {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(newPath)
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.RemoveAll(oldPath)
+}
+
+func copyRegularFile(oldPath, newPath string) error {
+	source, err := os.Open(oldPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	target, err := os.OpenFile(newPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL|os.O_WRONLY, 0600)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = source.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, copyErr := io.Copy(target, source)
+	copyErr = errors.Join(copyErr, target.Close(), source.Close())
+	if copyErr != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(newPath)
+		return copyErr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copyMetadata(oldPath, newPath string) error {
+	return filepath.Walk(oldPath, func(name string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil || info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			return err
+		}
+		rel, err := filepath.Rel(oldPath, name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		newName := filepath.Join(newPath, rel)
+		if err := os.Chmod(newName, info.Mode().Perm()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return os.Chtimes(newName, info.ModTime(), info.ModTime())
+	})
+}
+
+func isCrossDeviceError(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, syscall.EXDEV) || runtime.GOOS == "windows" && errors.Is(err, windowsErrorNotSameDevice)
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) Stat(ctx context.Context, name string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	if cleanName(name) == "/" {
+		return virtualDirInfo{name: "/"}, nil
+	}
+
+	mount, rest, err := m.resolve(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	info, err := mount.dir(m.noSniff).Stat(ctx, rest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if rest == "/" {
+		return namedFileInfo{FileInfo: info, name: mount.Name}, nil
+	}
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) resolve(name string) (DirectoryMount, string, error) {
+	name = cleanName(name)
+	if name == "/" {
+		return DirectoryMount{}, "", os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
+	mountName, rest, _ := strings.Cut(trimmed, "/")
+	for _, mount := range m.mounts {
+		if mount.Name == mountName {
+			if rest == "" {
+				return mount, "/", nil
+			}
+			return mount, "/" + rest, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return DirectoryMount{}, "", os.ErrNotExist
+}
+
+func (m multiDir) rootEntries(ctx context.Context) []os.FileInfo {
+	entries := make([]os.FileInfo, 0, len(m.mounts))
+	for _, mount := range m.mounts {
+		info, err := mount.dir(m.noSniff).Stat(ctx, "/")
+		if err != nil {
+			entries = append(entries, virtualDirInfo{name: mount.Name})
+			continue
+		}
+		entries = append(entries, namedFileInfo{FileInfo: info, name: mount.Name})
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return entries[i].Name() < entries[j].Name()
+	})
+
+	return entries
+}
+
+func (d DirectoryMount) dir(noSniff bool) Dir {
+	return Dir{
+		Dir:     webdav.Dir(d.Path),
+		noSniff: noSniff,
+	}
+}
+
+func (d DirectoryMount) filePath(name string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(d.Path, filepath.FromSlash(strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")))
+}
+
+func cleanName(name string) string {
+	if name == "" || !strings.HasPrefix(name, "/") {
+		name = "/" + name
+	}
+	return path.Clean(name)
+}
+
+func writeFlag(flag int) bool {
+	return flag&(os.O_WRONLY|os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_APPEND) != 0
+}
+
+type multiDirRootFile struct {
+	entries []os.FileInfo
+	info    os.FileInfo
+	offset  int
+}
+
+func (f *multiDirRootFile) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *multiDirRootFile) Read([]byte) (int, error) {
+	return 0, io.EOF
+}
+
+func (f *multiDirRootFile) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
+	var next int64
+	switch whence {
+	case io.SeekStart:
+		next = offset
+	case io.SeekCurrent:
+		next = int64(f.offset) + offset
+	case io.SeekEnd:
+		next = int64(len(f.entries)) + offset
+	default:
+		return 0, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	if next < 0 {
+		return 0, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	f.offset = int(next)
+	return next, nil
+}
+
+func (f *multiDirRootFile) Readdir(count int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
+	if count <= 0 {
+		entries := f.entries[f.offset:]
+		f.offset = len(f.entries)
+		return entries, nil
+	}
+
+	if f.offset >= len(f.entries) {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	end := f.offset + count
+	if end > len(f.entries) {
+		end = len(f.entries)
+	}
+	entries := f.entries[f.offset:end]
+	f.offset = end
+	return entries, nil
+}
+
+func (f *multiDirRootFile) Stat() (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	return f.info, nil
+}
+
+func (f *multiDirRootFile) Write([]byte) (int, error) {
+	return 0, os.ErrPermission
+}
+
+type mountRootFile struct {
+	webdav.File
+	name string
+}
+
+func (f mountRootFile) Stat() (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	info, err := f.File.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return namedFileInfo{FileInfo: info, name: f.name}, nil
+}
+
+type namedFileInfo struct {
+	os.FileInfo
+	name string
+}
+
+func (i namedFileInfo) Name() string {
+	return i.name
+}
+
+type virtualDirInfo struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+func (i virtualDirInfo) Name() string {
+	return i.name
+}
+
+func (i virtualDirInfo) Size() int64 {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (i virtualDirInfo) Mode() os.FileMode {
+	return os.ModeDir | 0555
+}
+
+func (i virtualDirInfo) ModTime() time.Time {
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+func (i virtualDirInfo) IsDir() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (i virtualDirInfo) Sys() any {
+	return nil
+}

lib/multidir_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestRenameAcrossMount(t *testing.T) {
+	source := makeTestDirectory(t, map[string][]byte{
+		"file.txt":               []byte("cross mount"),
+		"folder/empty":           nil,
+		"folder/nested/file.txt": []byte("nested"),
+	})
+	target := t.TempDir()
+	sourceFile := filepath.Join(source, "file.txt")
+	modTime := time.Date(2020, time.January, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(sourceFile, 0600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chtimes(sourceFile, modTime, modTime))
+
+	require.NoError(t, renameAcrossMount(sourceFile, filepath.Join(target, "file.txt")))
+	require.NoFileExists(t, filepath.Join(source, "file.txt"))
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(target, "file.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []byte("cross mount"), data)
+	info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(target, "file.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		require.Equal(t, os.FileMode(0600), info.Mode().Perm())
+	}
+	require.WithinDuration(t, modTime, info.ModTime(), time.Second)
+
+	require.NoError(t, renameAcrossMount(filepath.Join(source, "folder"), filepath.Join(target, "folder")))
+	require.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(source, "folder"))
+	require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(target, "folder", "empty"))
+	data, err = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(target, "folder", "nested", "file.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []byte("nested"), data)
+}
+
+func TestRenameAcrossMountPreservesSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	source := makeTestDirectory(t, map[string][]byte{
+		"file.txt": []byte("target"),
+	})
+	oldPath := filepath.Join(source, "link.txt")
+	if err := os.Symlink("file.txt", oldPath); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symbolic links are unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	newPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "link.txt")
+
+	require.NoError(t, renameAcrossMount(oldPath, newPath))
+	info, err := os.Lstat(newPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink)
+	target, err := os.Readlink(newPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "file.txt", target)
+}
+
+func TestIsCrossDeviceError(t *testing.T) {
+	err := syscall.EXDEV
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		err = windowsErrorNotSameDevice
+	}
+	require.True(t, isCrossDeviceError(err))
+	require.False(t, isCrossDeviceError(os.ErrPermission))
+}

lib/partial_update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/webdav"
+)
+
+const partialUpdateContentType = "application/x-sabredav-partialupdate"
+
+type updateRange struct {
+	offset int64
+	end    int64
+	hasEnd bool
+	append bool
+}
+
+type partialUpdateError struct {
+	status int
+	err    error
+}
+
+func (e partialUpdateError) Error() string {
+	return e.err.Error()
+}
+
+func newPartialUpdateError(status int, message string) error {
+	return partialUpdateError{status: status, err: errors.New(message)}
+}
+
+func writePartialUpdateError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error, fallbackStatus int) {
+	var httpErr partialUpdateError
+	if errors.As(err, &httpErr) {
+		fallbackStatus = httpErr.status
+	}
+	http.Error(w, err.Error(), fallbackStatus)
+}
+
+func (u *handlerUser) handleOptions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, reqPath string) {
+	allow := "OPTIONS, LOCK, PUT, MKCOL, PATCH"
+	if fi, err := u.fs.Stat(r.Context(), reqPath); err == nil {
+		if fi.IsDir() {
+			allow = "OPTIONS, LOCK, DELETE, PROPPATCH, COPY, MOVE, UNLOCK, PROPFIND"
+		} else {
+			allow = "OPTIONS, LOCK, GET, HEAD, POST, DELETE, PROPPATCH, COPY, MOVE, UNLOCK, PROPFIND, PUT, PATCH"
+		}
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Allow", allow)
+	w.Header().Set("DAV", "1, 2, sabredav-partialupdate")
+	w.Header().Set("MS-Author-Via", "DAV")
+	w.Header().Set("Accept-Patch", partialUpdateContentType)
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+func (u *handlerUser) handlePartialUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, reqPath string) {
+	contentRange := r.Header.Get("Content-Range")
+	isContentRangePut := r.Method == "PUT" && contentRange != ""
+
+	var (
+		updateRange updateRange
+		err         error
+	)
+	if isContentRangePut {
+		updateRange, err = parseContentRange(contentRange)
+	} else {
+		if err := checkPartialUpdateContentType(r.Header.Get("Content-Type")); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
+			return
+		}
+		updateRange, err = parseUpdateRange(r.Header.Get("X-Update-Range"))
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		writePartialUpdateError(w, err, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	if r.Method == "PATCH" && r.ContentLength < 0 {
+		http.Error(w, "missing content length", http.StatusLengthRequired)
+		return
+	}
+
+	release, status, err := u.confirmPartialUpdateLocks(r, reqPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), status)
+		return
+	}
+	defer release()
+
+	ctx := r.Context()
+	fi, statErr := u.fs.Stat(ctx, reqPath)
+	exists := statErr == nil
+	if statErr != nil && !os.IsNotExist(statErr) {
+		http.Error(w, statErr.Error(), http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		return
+	}
+	if exists && fi.IsDir() {
+		http.Error(w, "cannot update a collection", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		return
+	}
+
+	etag, status, err := u.checkPartialUpdatePreconditions(r, exists, fi)
+	if err != nil {
+		if etag != "" {
+			w.Header().Set("ETag", etag)
+		}
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), status)
+		return
+	}
+
+	currentSize := int64(0)
+	if exists {
+		currentSize = fi.Size()
+	}
+	if updateRange.append {
+		updateRange.offset = currentSize
+	} else if updateRange.offset < 0 {
+		updateRange.offset += currentSize
+		if updateRange.offset < 0 {
+			updateRange.offset = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	if updateRange.hasEnd {
+		expected := updateRange.end - updateRange.offset + 1
+		if expected < 0 {
+			http.Error(w, "invalid byte range", http.StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable)
+			return
+		}
+		if r.ContentLength >= 0 && r.ContentLength != expected {
+			http.Error(w, "content length does not match byte range", http.StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	body := io.Reader(r.Body)
+	var cleanup func()
+	if updateRange.hasEnd {
+		body, cleanup, err = spoolBoundedBody(r.Body, updateRange.end-updateRange.offset+1)
+		if err != nil {
+			writePartialUpdateError(w, err, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+			return
+		}
+		defer cleanup()
+	}
+
+	flag := os.O_RDWR
+	if !exists {
+		flag |= os.O_CREATE
+	}
+	f, err := u.fs.OpenFile(ctx, reqPath, flag, 0666)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusConflict)
+			return
+		}
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
+
+	if _, err := f.Seek(updateRange.offset, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		return
+	}
+	if _, err := io.Copy(f, body); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !exists {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+		return
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func checkPartialUpdateContentType(contentType string) error {
+	if contentType == "" {
+		return errors.New("missing content type")
+	}
+	mediaType, _, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if mediaType != partialUpdateContentType {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported content type %q", mediaType)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *handlerUser) checkPartialUpdatePreconditions(r *http.Request, exists bool, fi os.FileInfo) (etag string, status int, err error) {
+	ifMatch := r.Header.Get("If-Match")
+	ifNoneMatch := r.Header.Get("If-None-Match")
+	if ifMatch == "" && ifNoneMatch == "" {
+		return "", 0, nil
+	}
+
+	if ifMatch != "" && !exists {
+		return "", http.StatusPreconditionFailed, errors.New("resource does not exist")
+	}
+
+	if exists {
+		etag, err = findPartialETag(r.Context(), fi)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", http.StatusInternalServerError, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ifMatch != "" && !partialETagHeaderMatches(ifMatch, etag, exists) {
+		return etag, http.StatusPreconditionFailed, errors.New("etag does not match")
+	}
+
+	if ifNoneMatch != "" && exists && partialETagHeaderMatches(ifNoneMatch, etag, true) {
+		return etag, http.StatusPreconditionFailed, errors.New("etag matches")
+	}
+
+	return etag, 0, nil
+}
+
+func findPartialETag(ctx context.Context, fi os.FileInfo) (string, error) {
+	if etager, ok := fi.(webdav.ETager); ok {
+		etag, err := etager.ETag(ctx)
+		if !errors.Is(err, webdav.ErrNotImplemented) {
+			return etag, err
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`"%x%x"`, fi.ModTime().UnixNano(), fi.Size()), nil
+}
+
+func partialETagHeaderMatches(header, etag string, exists bool) bool {
+	for _, item := range strings.Split(header, ",") {
+		item = strings.TrimSpace(item)
+		if item == "*" {
+			return exists
+		}
+		if item == etag || strings.ReplaceAll(item, `\"`, `"`) == etag {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func parseUpdateRange(header string) (updateRange, error) {
+	if header == "" {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("missing X-Update-Range header")
+	}
+	if header == "append" {
+		return updateRange{append: true}, nil
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(header, "bytes=") {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid X-Update-Range header")
+	}
+	return parseByteRange(strings.TrimPrefix(header, "bytes="), true)
+}
+
+func parseContentRange(header string) (updateRange, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(header, "bytes ") {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid Content-Range header")
+	}
+	spec, _, ok := strings.Cut(strings.TrimPrefix(header, "bytes "), "/")
+	if !ok {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid Content-Range header")
+	}
+	return parseByteRange(spec, false)
+}
+
+func parseByteRange(spec string, allowNegativeStart bool) (updateRange, error) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(spec, "-") {
+		if !allowNegativeStart {
+			return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid byte range start")
+		}
+		start, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimPrefix(spec, "-"), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil || start < 0 {
+			return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid byte range start")
+		}
+		if start == 0 {
+			return updateRange{append: true}, nil
+		}
+		return updateRange{offset: -start}, nil
+	}
+
+	startText, endText, ok := strings.Cut(spec, "-")
+	if !ok || startText == "" {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid byte range")
+	}
+
+	start, err := strconv.ParseInt(startText, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid byte range start")
+	}
+	if start < 0 && !allowNegativeStart {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid byte range start")
+	}
+
+	r := updateRange{offset: start}
+	if endText == "" {
+		return r, nil
+	}
+	if start < 0 {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("negative byte range cannot include an end")
+	}
+
+	end, err := strconv.ParseInt(endText, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return updateRange{}, errors.New("invalid byte range end")
+	}
+	if end < start {
+		return updateRange{}, newPartialUpdateError(http.StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable, "invalid byte range")
+	}
+	r.end = end
+	r.hasEnd = true
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func spoolBoundedBody(body io.Reader, expected int64) (io.Reader, func(), error) {
+	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp("", "webdav-partial-update-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	cleanup := func() {
+		name := tmp.Name()
+		_ = tmp.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(name)
+	}
+	cleanupOnError := true
+	defer func() {
+		if cleanupOnError {
+			cleanup()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	n, err := io.Copy(tmp, io.LimitReader(body, expected+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if n != expected {
+		return nil, nil, newPartialUpdateError(http.StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable, "body length does not match byte range")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := tmp.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	cleanupOnError = false
+	return tmp, cleanup, nil
+}
+
+// confirmPartialUpdateLocks mirrors the unexported confirmLocks helper from
+// golang.org/x/net/webdav so that partial updates honor WebDAV locks the same
+// way regular PUT requests do. Keep it in sync if the upstream behavior changes.
+func (u *handlerUser) confirmPartialUpdateLocks(r *http.Request, src string) (release func(), status int, err error) {
+	hdr := r.Header.Get("If")
+	if hdr == "" {
+		now := time.Now()
+		token, err := u.handler.LockSystem.Create(now, webdav.LockDetails{
+			Root:      src,
+			Duration:  -1,
+			ZeroDepth: true,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, webdav.ErrLocked) {
+				return nil, webdav.StatusLocked, err
+			}
+			return nil, http.StatusInternalServerError, err
+		}
+		return func() {
+			_ = u.handler.LockSystem.Unlock(now, token)
+		}, 0, nil
+	}
+
+	ifLists, ok := parsePartialIfHeader(hdr)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("webdav: invalid If header")
+	}
+	for _, l := range ifLists {
+		lsrc := l.resourceTag
+		if lsrc == "" {
+			lsrc = src
+		} else {
+			parsedURL, err := url.Parse(lsrc)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if parsedURL.Host != r.Host {
+				continue
+			}
+			lsrc, err = stripPartialPrefix(parsedURL.Path, u.handler.Prefix)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, http.StatusNotFound, err
+			}
+			if lsrc == "" {
+				lsrc = src
+			}
+		}
+		release, err = u.handler.LockSystem.Confirm(time.Now(), lsrc, "", l.conditions...)
+		if errors.Is(err, webdav.ErrConfirmationFailed) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, http.StatusInternalServerError, err
+		}
+		return release, 0, nil
+	}
+	return nil, http.StatusPreconditionFailed, webdav.ErrLocked
+}
+
+type partialIfList struct {
+	resourceTag string
+	conditions  []webdav.Condition
+}
+
+// parsePartialIfHeader, parsePartialIfConditions and cutPartialIfToken
+// reimplement the unexported If-header parser from golang.org/x/net/webdav,
+// which is not accessible from outside that package. Keep them in sync with the
+// upstream parseIfHeader if it changes.
+func parsePartialIfHeader(header string) ([]partialIfList, bool) {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(header)
+	tagged := strings.HasPrefix(s, "<")
+	var lists []partialIfList
+	for s != "" {
+		resourceTag := ""
+		if strings.HasPrefix(s, "<") {
+			if !tagged {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			var ok bool
+			resourceTag, s, ok = cutPartialIfToken(s, '<', '>')
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "(") {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+		}
+		for strings.HasPrefix(s, "(") {
+			body, rest, ok := cutPartialIfToken(s, '(', ')')
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			conditions, ok := parsePartialIfConditions(body)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			lists = append(lists, partialIfList{resourceTag: resourceTag, conditions: conditions})
+			s = strings.TrimSpace(rest)
+		}
+		if s != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(s, "<") {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+	}
+	return lists, len(lists) > 0
+}
+
+func parsePartialIfConditions(s string) ([]webdav.Condition, bool) {
+	var conditions []webdav.Condition
+	for {
+		s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+		if s == "" {
+			return conditions, len(conditions) > 0
+		}
+		not := false
+		if strings.HasPrefix(s, "Not ") || strings.HasPrefix(s, "Not\t") {
+			not = true
+			s = strings.TrimSpace(s[3:])
+		}
+		if s == "" {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		var token string
+		switch s[0] {
+		case '<':
+			var ok bool
+			token, s, ok = cutPartialIfToken(s, '<', '>')
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			conditions = append(conditions, webdav.Condition{Not: not, Token: token})
+		case '[':
+			var ok bool
+			token, s, ok = cutPartialIfToken(s, '[', ']')
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			conditions = append(conditions, webdav.Condition{Not: not, ETag: token})
+		default:
+			i := strings.IndexAny(s, " \t")
+			if i < 0 {
+				token, s = s, ""
+			} else {
+				token, s = s[:i], s[i:]
+			}
+			if token == "" || strings.ContainsAny(token, "()<>[]") {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			conditions = append(conditions, webdav.Condition{Not: not, Token: token})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func cutPartialIfToken(s string, open, close byte) (string, string, bool) {
+	if s == "" || s[0] != open {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	token, rest, ok := strings.Cut(s[1:], string(close))
+	return token, rest, ok
+}
+
+func stripPartialPrefix(p, prefix string) (string, error) {
+	if prefix == "" {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+	if stripped := strings.TrimPrefix(p, prefix); len(stripped) < len(p) {
+		return stripped, nil
+	}
+	return "", errors.New("webdav: prefix mismatch")
+}

lib/permissions.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package lib
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
@@ -27,15 +26,41 @@ func (r *Rule) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Matches checks if [Rule] matches the given path.
-func (r *Rule) Matches(path string) bool {
+// Matches checks if [Rule] matches the given path. When caseInsensitive is set
+// the backing file system ignores case, so this must too. A regex is tried
+// against the folded path as well as the path as written, which only widens it
+// to spellings naming the same file.
+func (r *Rule) Matches(path string, caseInsensitive bool) bool {
 	if r.Regex != nil {
+		if caseInsensitive {
+			return r.Regex.MatchString(path) || r.Regex.MatchString(foldPath(path))
+		}
+
 		return r.Regex.MatchString(path)
 	}
 
+	if caseInsensitive {
+		return strings.HasPrefix(foldPath(path), foldPath(r.Path))
+	}
+
 	return strings.HasPrefix(path, r.Path)
 }
 
+// matchesCollection checks if [Rule] names path as the collection it governs,
+// such as a rule for "/c/" and a request for "/c". Regex rules are matched
+// literally and are not considered here.
+func (r *Rule) matchesCollection(path string, caseInsensitive bool) bool {
+	if r.Regex != nil || !strings.HasSuffix(r.Path, "/") {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if caseInsensitive {
+		return foldPath(path) == foldPath(strings.TrimSuffix(r.Path, "/"))
+	}
+
+	return path == strings.TrimSuffix(r.Path, "/")
+}
+
 type RulesBehavior string
 
 const (
@@ -45,44 +70,83 @@ const (
 
 type UserPermissions struct {
 	Directory     string
+	Directories   DirectoryMounts
 	Permissions   Permissions
 	Rules         []*Rule
 	RulesBehavior RulesBehavior
+
+	directoryExplicit   bool
+	directoriesExplicit bool
+	useDirectories      bool
+	caseInsensitive     bool
 }
 
+type DirectoryMount struct {
+	Name string
+	Path string
+}
+
+type DirectoryMounts []DirectoryMount
+
 // Allowed checks if the user has permission to access a directory/file
-func (p UserPermissions) Allowed(r *http.Request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool {
+func (p UserPermissions) Allowed(r *request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool {
 	// For COPY and MOVE requests, we first check the permissions for the destination
 	// path. As soon as a rule matches and does not allow the operation at the destination,
 	// we fail immediately. If no rule matches, we check the global permissions.
-	if r.Method == "COPY" || r.Method == "MOVE" {
-		dst := r.Header.Get("Destination")
-
-		for i := len(p.Rules) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-			if p.Rules[i].Matches(dst) {
-				if !p.Rules[i].Permissions.AllowedDestination(r, fileExists) {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				// Only check the first rule that matches, similarly to the source rules.
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !p.Permissions.AllowedDestination(r, fileExists) {
+	if r.method == "COPY" || r.method == "MOVE" {
+		if !p.allowedAt(r.destination, func(perms Permissions) bool {
+			return perms.AllowedDestination(r, fileExists)
+		}) {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Go through rules beginning from the last one, and check the permissions at
-	// the source. The first matched rule returns.
+	return p.allowedAt(r.path, func(perms Permissions) bool {
+		return perms.Allowed(r, fileExists)
+	})
+}
+
+// allowedAt resolves the permissions that govern path and applies check to them.
+func (p UserPermissions) allowedAt(path string, check func(Permissions) bool) bool {
+	// Go through rules beginning from the last one. The first matched rule returns.
+	// Both senses of matching are tested per rule: in separate passes a broader
+	// rule would return first and shadow the narrower one naming the collection.
 	for i := len(p.Rules) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if p.Rules[i].Matches(r.URL.Path) {
-			return p.Rules[i].Permissions.Allowed(r, fileExists)
+		if p.Rules[i].Matches(path, p.caseInsensitive) {
+			return check(p.Rules[i].Permissions)
+		}
+
+		// A rule written with a trailing slash also governs the collection it names,
+		// so a rule for "/c/" cannot be evaded by asking for "/c". Such a request acts
+		// on an entry of the parent collection, so it needs those permissions too: the
+		// rule can restrict the collection, not grant access that would not exist.
+		if p.Rules[i].matchesCollection(path, p.caseInsensitive) {
+			if !check(p.Rules[i].Permissions) {
+				return false
+			}
+
+			// Through the rules, not the global permissions alone, which would deny
+			// a collection that an enclosing rule grants.
+			if parent := parentCollection(path); parent != path {
+				return p.allowedAt(parent, check)
+			}
+
+			return check(p.Permissions)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return p.Permissions.Allowed(r, fileExists)
+	return check(p.Permissions)
+}
+
+// parentCollection returns the collection containing path, such as "/data/" for
+// "/data/sub", or "/" for a top-level entry. That bounds allowedAt at the root.
+func parentCollection(p string) string {
+	i := strings.LastIndex(strings.TrimSuffix(p, "/"), "/")
+	if i <= 0 {
+		return "/"
+	}
+
+	return p[:i+1]
 }
 
 func (p *UserPermissions) Validate() error {
@@ -93,6 +157,14 @@ func (p *UserPermissions) Validate() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid permissions: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if p.useDirectories || len(p.Directories) > 0 {
+		if err := (&p.Directories).Validate(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid permissions: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	p.caseInsensitive = p.hasCaseInsensitiveBacking()
+
 	for _, r := range p.Rules {
 		if err := r.Validate(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid permissions: %w", err)
@@ -109,6 +181,63 @@ func (p *UserPermissions) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// hasCaseInsensitiveBacking reports whether any backing directory resolves names
+// regardless of case. Mounts spread over volumes that differ all fold, which
+// keeps deny rules effective on the case-insensitive ones.
+func (p *UserPermissions) hasCaseInsensitiveBacking() bool {
+	if p.useDirectories || len(p.Directories) > 0 {
+		for _, mount := range p.Directories {
+			if caseInsensitiveFS(mount.Path) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return caseInsensitiveFS(p.Directory)
+}
+
+func (d *DirectoryMounts) Validate() error {
+	names := map[string]struct{}{}
+
+	for i := range *d {
+		mount := &(*d)[i]
+		if mount.Path == "" {
+			return errors.New("invalid directories: path must be defined")
+		}
+
+		path, err := filepath.Abs(mount.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid directories: %w", err)
+		}
+		mount.Path = path
+
+		if mount.Name == "" {
+			mount.Name = filepath.Base(path)
+		}
+
+		if !validDirectoryMountName(mount.Name) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid directories: invalid mount name %q", mount.Name)
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := names[mount.Name]; ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid directories: duplicate mount name %q", mount.Name)
+		}
+		names[mount.Name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validDirectoryMountName(name string) bool {
+	if name == "" || name == "." || name == ".." {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return !strings.ContainsAny(name, `/\`)
+}
+
 type Permissions struct {
 	Create bool
 	Read   bool
@@ -142,8 +271,8 @@ func (p *Permissions) UnmarshalText(data []byte) error {
 
 // Allowed returns whether this permission set has permissions to execute this
 // request in the source directory. This applies to all requests with all methods.
-func (p Permissions) Allowed(r *http.Request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool {
-	switch r.Method {
+func (p Permissions) Allowed(r *request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool {
+	switch r.method {
 	case "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "POST", "PROPFIND":
 		// Note: POST backend implementation just returns the same thing as GET.
 		return p.Read
@@ -151,8 +280,8 @@ func (p Permissions) Allowed(r *http.Request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool
 		return p.Create
 	case "PROPPATCH":
 		return p.Update
-	case "PUT":
-		if fileExists(r.URL.Path) {
+	case "PUT", "PATCH":
+		if fileExists(r.path) {
 			return p.Update
 		} else {
 			return p.Create
@@ -163,8 +292,16 @@ func (p Permissions) Allowed(r *http.Request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool
 		return p.Read && p.Delete
 	case "DELETE":
 		return p.Delete
-	case "LOCK", "UNLOCK":
-		return p.Create || p.Read || p.Update || p.Delete
+	case "LOCK":
+		// A lock is write-class: it reserves the resource against other writers,
+		// and locking a path that does not exist creates it.
+		if fileExists(r.path) {
+			return p.Update
+		} else {
+			return p.Create
+		}
+	case "UNLOCK":
+		return p.Create || p.Update
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -172,10 +309,10 @@ func (p Permissions) Allowed(r *http.Request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool
 
 // AllowedDestination returns whether this permissions set has permissions to execute this
 // request in the destination directory. This only applies for COPY and MOVE requests.
-func (p Permissions) AllowedDestination(r *http.Request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool {
-	switch r.Method {
+func (p Permissions) AllowedDestination(r *request, fileExists func(string) bool) bool {
+	switch r.method {
 	case "COPY", "MOVE":
-		if fileExists(r.Header.Get("Destination")) {
+		if fileExists(r.destination) {
 			return p.Update
 		} else {
 			return p.Create

lib/permissions_fs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/webdav"
+)
+
+var _ webdav.FileSystem = permissionsFS{}
+
+// permissionsFS wraps a [webdav.FileSystem] so directory listings only report
+// entries the user may read. PROPFIND and COPY reach descendants by enumerating
+// through the file system, so rules have to be applied as those listings are produced.
+//
+// The wrapped file system is a named field rather than an embedded one on
+// purpose. allowedThroughout has to read unfiltered listings, and a promoted
+// OpenFile would make walking the filtered view by accident a one-character
+// change that authorizes everything without failing any obvious way.
+type permissionsFS struct {
+	fs    webdav.FileSystem
+	perms UserPermissions
+}
+
+func (f permissionsFS) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, name string, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	return f.fs.Mkdir(ctx, name, perm)
+}
+
+func (f permissionsFS) RemoveAll(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
+	return f.fs.RemoveAll(ctx, name)
+}
+
+func (f permissionsFS) Rename(ctx context.Context, oldName, newName string) error {
+	return f.fs.Rename(ctx, oldName, newName)
+}
+
+func (f permissionsFS) Stat(ctx context.Context, name string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	return f.fs.Stat(ctx, name)
+}
+
+func (f permissionsFS) OpenFile(ctx context.Context, name string, flag int, perm os.FileMode) (webdav.File, error) {
+	file, err := f.fs.OpenFile(ctx, name, flag, perm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// The handler strips its prefix first, which for the default prefix "/" also
+	// drops the leading slash. Rules are written with one.
+	return &permissionsFile{File: file, name: cleanPath(name), perms: f.perms}, nil
+}
+
+type permissionsFile struct {
+	webdav.File
+	name  string
+	perms UserPermissions
+}
+
+func (f *permissionsFile) Readdir(count int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
+	if count <= 0 {
+		fis, err := f.File.Readdir(count)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		return f.readable(fis), nil
+	}
+
+	// A positive count asks for that many entries, so keep reading until that
+	// many survive filtering: a short read would look like the end of the listing.
+	var entries []os.FileInfo
+
+	for len(entries) < count {
+		fis, err := f.File.Readdir(count - len(entries))
+		if err != nil {
+			if len(entries) > 0 && errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return entries, nil
+			}
+
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if len(fis) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+
+		entries = append(entries, f.readable(fis)...)
+	}
+
+	return entries, nil
+}
+
+// readable returns the entries whose path the user is allowed to read.
+func (f *permissionsFile) readable(fis []os.FileInfo) []os.FileInfo {
+	allowed := make([]os.FileInfo, 0, len(fis))
+
+	for _, fi := range fis {
+		if f.perms.allowedAt(path.Join(f.name, fi.Name()), func(p Permissions) bool {
+			return p.Read
+		}) {
+			allowed = append(allowed, fi)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return allowed
+}
+
+// allowedThroughout reports whether check holds for every descendant of name.
+// Rename and RemoveAll act on a subtree in one call without consulting the file
+// system per descendant, so MOVE and DELETE need this before dispatching.
+//
+// It reads f.fs directly rather than the [permissionsFS] view: the latter omits
+// the very entries this needs to refuse on.
+func (f permissionsFS) allowedThroughout(ctx context.Context, name string, check func(Permissions) bool) (bool, error) {
+	info, err := f.fs.Stat(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			// Nothing to walk; the request fails later on its own terms.
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if !info.IsDir() {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	file, err := f.fs.OpenFile(ctx, name, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	entries, err := file.Readdir(-1)
+	err = errors.Join(err, file.Close())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		child := path.Join(name, entry.Name())
+
+		if !f.perms.allowedAt(child, check) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			ok, err := f.allowedThroughout(ctx, child, check)
+			if !ok || err != nil {
+				return ok, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}

lib/permissions_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestRuleMatchesFolding(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	rule := &Rule{Path: "/pub/"}
+
+	// Exact comparison: on a case-sensitive file system "/PUB/" is a different
+	// directory, which a rule granting "/pub/" must not reach.
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches("/pub/x.txt", false))
+	require.False(t, rule.Matches("/PUB/x.txt", false))
+	require.False(t, rule.Matches("/Pub/x.txt", false))
+
+	// Folded they name one directory, so the rule governs both.
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches("/pub/x.txt", true))
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches("/PUB/x.txt", true))
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches("/Pub/x.txt", true))
+
+	// A sibling merely starting with the same characters stays unaffected.
+	require.False(t, rule.Matches("/public/x.txt", true))
+}
+
+func TestRuleMatchesNormalization(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const (
+		nfc = "/café/"  // café, composed
+		nfd = "/café/" // café, decomposed
+	)
+
+	rule := &Rule{Path: nfc}
+
+	// A file system ignoring case treats these spellings as one file too, so
+	// folding has to normalize or the rule is evaded by retyping it.
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches(nfd+"flag.txt", true))
+	require.False(t, rule.Matches(nfd+"flag.txt", false))
+}
+
+func TestRuleMatchesCollectionFolding(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	rule := &Rule{Path: "/c/"}
+
+	require.True(t, rule.matchesCollection("/c", false))
+	require.False(t, rule.matchesCollection("/C", false))
+	require.True(t, rule.matchesCollection("/C", true))
+
+	// A rule without a trailing slash names a resource, not a collection.
+	require.False(t, (&Rule{Path: "/c"}).matchesCollection("/c", false))
+}
+
+func TestParentCollection(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	require.Equal(t, "/data/", parentCollection("/data/sub"))
+	require.Equal(t, "/data/", parentCollection("/data/sub/"))
+	require.Equal(t, "/data/sub/", parentCollection("/data/sub/leaf.txt"))
+	require.Equal(t, "/", parentCollection("/pub"))
+	require.Equal(t, "/", parentCollection("/"))
+}
+
+func TestFlipCase(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// flipCase builds a path to stat, so it is separated the way the running
+	// system separates paths, not the way request paths are.
+	srv := func(name string) string {
+		return filepath.Join("/srv", name)
+	}
+
+	alt, ok := flipCase(srv("dav"))
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, srv("Dav"), alt)
+
+	alt, ok = flipCase(srv("DAV"))
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, srv("dAV"), alt)
+
+	// Only the first letter flips, so a name whose case mapping does not
+	// round-trip is left alone rather than changed by more than its case.
+	alt, ok = flipCase(srv("ıstanbul"))
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, srv("ıStanbul"), alt)
+
+	// Nothing to flip.
+	_, ok = flipCase(srv("001"))
+	require.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestRuleMatchesRegexFolding(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	rule := &Rule{Regex: regexp.MustCompile("^/secret/")}
+
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches("/secret/flag.txt", false))
+	require.False(t, rule.Matches("/SECRET/flag.txt", false))
+
+	// Where the file system serves both spellings as one file, the rule has to
+	// cover both or it denies nothing.
+	require.True(t, rule.Matches("/SECRET/flag.txt", true))
+
+	// A pattern written with upper case still relies on the path as written, so
+	// folding never takes a match away.
+	upper := &Rule{Regex: regexp.MustCompile("^/Secret/")}
+	require.True(t, upper.Matches("/Secret/flag.txt", true))
+	require.False(t, upper.Matches("/public/flag.txt", true))
+}

lib/request.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package lib
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// cleanPath resolves dot segments so that the permission checks see the same
+// path that the backing file system will ultimately open. The file systems in
+// golang.org/x/net/webdav apply path.Clean before joining the backing
+// directory, so without this the two layers disagree on which file a request
+// names and a rule can be bypassed with e.g. "/public/../secret/file.txt".
+func cleanPath(p string) string {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(p, "/") {
+		p = "/" + p
+	}
+
+	cleaned := path.Clean(p)
+
+	// path.Clean drops the trailing slash, but rules are prefix matches and are
+	// commonly written with one, such as "/c/". Dropping it would stop a request
+	// for the collection itself from matching the rule that names it.
+	if cleaned != "/" && isCollectionPath(p) {
+		cleaned += "/"
+	}
+
+	return cleaned
+}
+
+// isCollectionPath reports whether p names a collection rather than a resource
+// within it. Besides an explicit trailing slash, a trailing "." or ".." segment
+// also resolves to the collection itself.
+func isCollectionPath(p string) bool {
+	return strings.HasSuffix(p, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(p, "/.") || strings.HasSuffix(p, "/..")
+}
+
+type request struct {
+	method      string
+	path        string
+	destination string
+}
+
+func newRequest(r *http.Request, prefix string) (*request, error) {
+	ctx := &request{
+		method: r.Method,
+	}
+
+	if destination := r.Header.Get("Destination"); destination != "" {
+		u, err := url.Parse(destination)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.New("invalid destination header")
+		}
+
+		// RFC 4918, section 10.3, has Destination as an absolute URI, which is
+		// what clients send in practice. Only the path is relevant here, and
+		// taking it unconditionally keeps the host out of the matched value.
+		destination = u.Path
+
+		if prefix != "" {
+			destination = strings.TrimPrefix(u.Path, prefix)
+			if len(destination) >= len(u.Path) {
+				return nil, errors.New("invalid url prefix")
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx.destination = cleanPath(destination)
+	}
+
+	path := r.URL.Path
+
+	if prefix != "" {
+		path = strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, prefix)
+		if len(path) >= len(r.URL.Path) {
+			return nil, errors.New("invalid url prefix")
+		}
+	}
+
+	ctx.path = cleanPath(path)
+
+	return ctx, nil
+}

main.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"github.com/hacdias/webdav/v5/cmd"
+
+	_ "golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback"
 )
 
 func main() {

renovate.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
+  "extends": [
+    "config:recommended",
+    "group:allNonMajor",
+    "group:allDigest",
+    ":disableDependencyDashboard",
+    ":semanticCommitTypeAll(chore)"
+  ],
+  "postUpdateOptions": [
+    "gomodUpdateImportPaths",
+    "gomodTidy"
+  ],
+  "schedule": "* * * * 0,6"
+}